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Questions and Answers
What is normality?
What is normality?
Normality is referred to as the equivalent concentration of a solution.
Normality is calculated by multiplying ______ by the number of protons performing units.
Normality is calculated by multiplying ______ by the number of protons performing units.
molarity
What is the normality of a 0.15 M solution of HCl?
What is the normality of a 0.15 M solution of HCl?
0.15 N
What is the normality of a 1.4 M solution of H2SO4?
What is the normality of a 1.4 M solution of H2SO4?
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What is the normality of a 2 M solution of NaOH?
What is the normality of a 2 M solution of NaOH?
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What is ppm?
What is ppm?
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What is the concentration in ppm of a solution containing 4 mg of NaCl dissolved in 8 kg of water?
What is the concentration in ppm of a solution containing 4 mg of NaCl dissolved in 8 kg of water?
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What are Colligative Properties?
What are Colligative Properties?
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What are the three important colligative properties of solutions?
What are the three important colligative properties of solutions?
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Why do people spread salt on roads in the winter?
Why do people spread salt on roads in the winter?
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The magnitude of the freezing-point depression is proportional to the number of solute particles dissolved in the solvent but does depend upon their identity.
The magnitude of the freezing-point depression is proportional to the number of solute particles dissolved in the solvent but does depend upon their identity.
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What is the freezing point of a 1m solution of NaCl?
What is the freezing point of a 1m solution of NaCl?
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What is the boiling point elevation of a 1m solution of NaCl?
What is the boiling point elevation of a 1m solution of NaCl?
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Study Notes
Chemical Composition of Water
- Water's chemical formula is H₂O.
Solution Concentrations
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Normality (N): Normality is the equivalent concentration. N = Molarity (M) x n. n is the number of protons or hydrogen ions.
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Molarity (M): Molarity is the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.
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Parts Per Million (PPM): PPM = (grams of solute / grams of solution) x 10⁶
Colligative Properties of Solutions
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Colligative Property: A property dependent on the number of solute particles in solution, not the identity of the solute.
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Three Important Colligative Properties: Vapor-pressure lowering, Boiling-point elevation, and Freezing-point depression.
Vapor-Pressure Lowering
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Vapor Pressure: The pressure exerted by a vapor in dynamic equilibrium with its liquid.
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Solution Vapor Pressure: Solutions with solutes that do not easily vaporize have lower vapor pressure than pure solvents.
Freezing-Point Depression
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Freezing-Point Depression: The magnitude of the freezing-point depression is proportional to the number of solute particles, regardless of the solute's identity.
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Road Salt in Winter: People spread salt on roads in winter to lower the freezing point of water, preventing ice formation.
Boiling-Point Elevation
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Boiling Point: The temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid equals atmospheric pressure.
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Solution Boiling Point: The boiling point of a solution is always higher than the boiling point of the pure solvent.
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Magnitude of Boiling-Point Elevation: The magnitude of boiling-point elevation is proportional to the number of solute particles.
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Calculations: The change in boiling point (ΔT) is calculated using the formula: ΔT = Kb x m x i, where Kb is the boiling point elevation constant, m is the molality, and i is the van't Hoff factor.
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Description
This quiz explores the chemical composition of water and the various solution concentrations, including normality, molarity, and parts per million. Additionally, it covers colligative properties such as vapor-pressure lowering, boiling-point elevation, and freezing-point depression. Test your understanding of these fundamental concepts in chemistry!
