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Questions and Answers
What does the empirical formula represent?
What does the empirical formula represent?
- A random arrangement of atoms
- The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element (correct)
- The molecular weight of a substance
- The actual number of atoms in a molecule
The molecular formula is derived from the empirical formula and the actual molar mass of the molecule.
The molecular formula is derived from the empirical formula and the actual molar mass of the molecule.
True (A)
What is typically calculated using balanced chemical equations?
What is typically calculated using balanced chemical equations?
Reacting masses, percentage yield, and atom economy.
A high atom economy signifies that there is little or no ______ in a chemical reaction.
A high atom economy signifies that there is little or no ______ in a chemical reaction.
Match the terms with their definitions:
Match the terms with their definitions:
Why is balancing chemical equations important?
Why is balancing chemical equations important?
An empirical formula can have multiple molecular formulas that correspond to it.
An empirical formula can have multiple molecular formulas that correspond to it.
What is a benefit of high atom economy?
What is a benefit of high atom economy?
The multiplier value used to calculate the molecular formula is derived from the ratio of the ______ of the empirical formula to the ______ of the molecule.
The multiplier value used to calculate the molecular formula is derived from the ratio of the ______ of the empirical formula to the ______ of the molecule.
Which formula provides the correct ratio of components in a compound?
Which formula provides the correct ratio of components in a compound?
What is the relative atomic mass (Ar) defined as?
What is the relative atomic mass (Ar) defined as?
Relative molecular mass (Mr) is applicable to ionic compounds only.
Relative molecular mass (Mr) is applicable to ionic compounds only.
What unit of measurement is used for the amount of substance?
What unit of measurement is used for the amount of substance?
The constant that allows for the determination of the number of particles in a mole is called the __________.
The constant that allows for the determination of the number of particles in a mole is called the __________.
Match the following variables with their meanings in the ideal gas equation:
Match the following variables with their meanings in the ideal gas equation:
What must be the unit of pressure when using the ideal gas equation?
What must be the unit of pressure when using the ideal gas equation?
The ideal gas constant (R) is equal to 8.31 JK⁻¹mol⁻¹.
The ideal gas constant (R) is equal to 8.31 JK⁻¹mol⁻¹.
Under standard conditions, pressure and volume are __________ proportional.
Under standard conditions, pressure and volume are __________ proportional.
The ideal gas equation can be represented as PV = nRT, where R is the __________ constant.
The ideal gas equation can be represented as PV = nRT, where R is the __________ constant.
The given formula for moles (n) can be written as:
The given formula for moles (n) can be written as:
Flashcards
Relative Atomic Mass (Ar)
Relative Atomic Mass (Ar)
The average mass of an atom of an element, relative to one-twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
Relative Molecular Mass (Mr)
Relative Molecular Mass (Mr)
The average mass of a molecule of a compound, relative to one-twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
Mole
Mole
The unit of measurement for substances, representing a specific number of particles.
Avogadro Constant
Avogadro Constant
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Number of Moles (n)
Number of Moles (n)
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Molar Mass
Molar Mass
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Ideal Gas Equation
Ideal Gas Equation
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Ideal Gas
Ideal Gas
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Pressure (p)
Pressure (p)
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Volume (V)
Volume (V)
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Empirical Formula
Empirical Formula
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Molecular Formula
Molecular Formula
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Balancing Chemical Equations
Balancing Chemical Equations
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Reacting Ratios
Reacting Ratios
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Percentage Yield
Percentage Yield
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Atom Economy
Atom Economy
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High Atom Economy
High Atom Economy
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Benefits of High Atom Economy
Benefits of High Atom Economy
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Economically Viable
Economically Viable
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Environmental Benefits of High Atom Economy
Environmental Benefits of High Atom Economy
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Study Notes
Relative Atomic Mass (Ar)
- Defined as the mean mass of an atom of an element, divided by one-twelfth the mean mass of a carbon-12 atom.
Relative Molecular Mass (Mr)
- Defined as the mean mass of a molecule of a compound, divided by one-twelfth the mean mass of a carbon-12 atom.
- For ionic compounds, it's known as relative formula mass.
Moles and the Avogadro Constant
- The mole is a unit of measurement for substances, containing a constant number of particles.
- Avogadro's constant (L) = 6.022 x 1023 particles.
- The number of particles in a substance can be calculated using the formula: Number of particles = nL (where n = moles and L = Avogadro's constant).
- Moles are crucial in various calculations, including those involving mass, concentration, and volume: Moles = mass/Mr = concentration x volume/1000 (where concentration is in mol/dm³).
Ideal Gas Equation
- Under standard conditions, gases and volatile liquids follow certain trends: pressure is proportional to temperature, volume is proportional to temperature, and pressure and volume are inversely proportional.
- Combining these relationships yields the ideal gas equation: pV = nRT = mRT/Mr, where:
- p = pressure in Pascals
- V = volume in m³
- n = moles
- T = temperature in Kelvin
- m = mass in grams
- R = ideal gas constant (8.31 J K⁻¹ mol⁻¹).
Empirical and Molecular Formulae
- Empirical formula: The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound, determined using molar ratios.
- Molecular formula: The true number of each atom in a molecule, calculated using the empirical formula's Mr and the molecule's true Mr (which gives a multiplier).
Equations and Calculations
- Chemical equations must be balanced for accurate calculations and reflecting reacting proportions.
- Balanced equations allow the calculation of reacting masses, percentage yield, and atom economy.
- Percentage yield = (Experimental mass/Theoretical mass) x 100
- Atom economy = (Mr of desired product/Mr of reactants) x 100.
- High atom economy is desirable in industrial processes as it minimizes waste, reducing environmental impact and cost.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts in chemistry regarding relative atomic mass, relative molecular mass, moles, and the Avogadro constant. You'll explore the relationships between these concepts and their applications in gas equations and calculations. Test your understanding of fundamental chemical principles and their significance in various calculations.
