Chemistry Chapter on Ammonia and Reactions
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Questions and Answers

What gas is evolved during the heating of nitrates?

  • Oxygen
  • Sulfur dioxide
  • Nitrogen dioxide (correct)
  • Carbon dioxide

    • Which of the following is NOT a use of nitric acid?

  • Production of sulfuric acid (correct)
  • Purification of gold
  • Manufacturing of fertilizers
  • Manufacturing of explosives

    • What type of reaction occurs when freshly prepared FeSO4 is mixed with conc. H2SO4 and HNO3?

  • Precipitation reaction
  • Redox reaction (correct)
  • Complexation reaction
  • Neutralization reaction

    • What is concentrated sulfuric acid commonly referred to as?

    <p>Acid of vitriol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the brown ring that occurs at the junction of nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid indicate?

    <p>Presence of iron(II) compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is used to prepare ammonia from magnesium nitride?

    <p>Treating with warm water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why must water vapour be removed from the evolved ammonia gas?

    <p>Because ammonia is soluble in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the vapor density of ammonia?

    <p>8.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process is used for the large-scale production of ammonia?

    <p>Haber's process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Haber’s process, what is the ratio of hydrogen to nitrogen used?

    <p>3:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What temperature range is maintained during the Haber process?

    <p>450 - 500°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does quicklime play in the preparation of ammonia?

    <p>It removes water vapour from ammonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of reaction occurs during the production of ammonia in the Haber process?

    <p>Exothermic and reversible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process by which atmospheric nitrogen is converted to nitrogenous compounds in the soil?

    <p>Nitrogen fixation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which acids are used in the laboratory preparation of nitric acid?

    <p>Sodium nitrate and concentrated sulfuric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physical state of nitric acid when formed in the laboratory?

    <p>Colorless liquid with a suffocating smell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what temperature does nitric acid boil?

    <p>355.6 K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary difference between hydrogen chloride and hydrochloric acid?

    <p>Hydrogen chloride does not turn litmus paper red, while hydrochloric acid does.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the chemical behavior of nitric acid?

    <p>It reacts with carbonates to form soluble nitrates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of agent is nitric acid primarily considered to be?

    <p>Strong oxidizing agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about hydrochloric acid is correct?

    <p>It is colorless and has a pungent smell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which noble metals does nitric acid not oxidize?

    <p>Gold and platinum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed when hydrochloric acid reacts with thiosulphates?

    <p>Sulphur dioxide gas and yellow precipitate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can 98% concentration of HNO3 be achieved in the preparation process?

    <p>By distillation with concentrated sulfuric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the boiling point of hydrochloric acid?

    <p>110 °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action does hydrochloric acid have on metals?

    <p>It forms metallic chlorides and releases hydrogen gas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can you distinguish between thiosulphates and sulphites using hydrochloric acid?

    <p>The formation of a yellow precipitate occurs with thiosulphates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which indicators show a color change when testing for the acid nature of hydrochloric acid?

    <p>Moist litmus, methyl orange, and phenolphthalein.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is aqua regia composed of?

    <p>Three parts concentrated HCl and one part concentrated HNO3.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is formed when zinc reacts with very dilute nitric acid at room temperature?

    <p>Zinc nitrate and hydrogen gas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What precaution should be noted regarding chromium and aluminium in concentrated nitric acid?

    <p>They do not react due to a passive film of oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main outcome of the Brown Ring Test?

    <p>It identifies nitrate ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gases are produced when copper reacts with concentrated nitric acid?

    <p>Nitrogen dioxide and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary catalyst used in the contact process for the conversion of sulphur dioxide to sulphur trioxide?

    <p>Vanadium pentoxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following compounds can be found in the combined state of sulphur?

    <p>Barytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the physical properties of sulphuric acid is true?

    <p>It has a specific gravity of 1.84 at 298 K.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What temperature range is generally maintained during the conversion of sulphur dioxide to sulphur trioxide for optimal yield?

    <p>410-450 °C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs when oleum is diluted with water?

    <p>It produces sulphuric acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics is NOT associated with sulphuric acid?

    <p>High volatility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the dissociation constant (Ka1) indicative of for sulphuric acid in aqueous solution?

    <p>It is a strong acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final product of the reaction between sulphur trioxide and sulphuric acid?

    <p>Pyrosulphuric acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hydrogen Chloride (HCl)

    • Discovered by Glauber in 1648
    • Prepared by heating sodium chloride with concentrated sulphuric acid
    • Small quantities found in volcanic gases and gastric juice
    • Lab preparation involves heating sodium chloride in a dry round-bottomed flask
    • Concentrated sulfuric acid is added dropwise from a thistle funnel
    • Gas is dried using concentrated sulfuric acid
    • Collected by upward displacement of water (lighter than air)
    • Extremely soluble in water, forming hydrochloric acid
    • Colourless and pungent-smelling gas
    • Boiling point: 189 K; Freezing point: 159 K
    • Forms dense white fumes with ammonia
    • Turns blue litmus red and decolourises pink phenolphthalein

    Chemical Properties

    • Neither combustible nor supports combustion
    • Dissociates into hydrogen and chlorine at 500°C
    • Reacts with metals to form chlorides and hydrogen gas (e.g., Ca + 2HCl → CaCl2 + H2)
    • Reacts with metallic oxides, hydroxides, carbonates and sulphides
    • Decomposes salts of weaker acids

    Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

    • Formed by the dissolution of hydrogen chloride gas in water
    • Strong acid
    • Colourless and pungent-smelling
    • High boiling and melting points than hydrogen chloride due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding
    • Turns blue litmus to red
    • Corrosive

    Ammonia (NH3)

    • Discovered by Claude Berthollet in 1785
    • Exists in free state (air and natural water) and in combined state(distillation of coal or wood) or volcanic eruptions
    • Trigonal pyramidal structure, with nitrogen at the apex and three hydrogen atoms
    • Formed by reaction with caustic alkali on warming ammonium salts with
    • Extremely soluble in water (forming liquor ammonia and reacts with metal oxides)
    • Lighter than air (vapour density: 8.5)
    • Used in the production of nitrogen fertilizers, dyes, and drugs

    Preparation of Ammonia

    • Heating ammonium salts with a base (e.g., 2NH4Cl + Ca(OH)2 → 2NH3 + CaCl2 + 2H2O)

    Properties of Ammonia

    • Pungent odour
    • Colourless
    • Basic
    • Turns red litmus blue
    • Soluble in water
    • Extremely soluble in water
    • Extremely soluble in water and can be collected by downward displacement of air.

    Oxidation of Ammonia

    • In excess of oxygen, ammonia burns with a yellwo flame producing nitrogen and water
    • Catalysed oxidation using platinum filament, producing nitrogen oxides

    Uses of Ammonia

    • Production of nitrogen fertilizers
    • Cleaning agent
    • Manufacturing of artificial silk
    • Laboratory reagent
    • Refrigerant (liquid ammonia)

    Nitric Acid (HNO3)

    • Also known as aqua fortis
    • Laboratory preparation involves heating a mixture of sodium/potassium nitrate with concentrated sulfuric acid in a glass retort
    • Yellow-brown liquid
    • Highly soluble in water
    • Strong acid

    Preparation of Nitric Acid

    • Prepared by the oxidation of ammonia in the presence of a catalyst
    • Laboratory preparation involves distillation of a mixture of sodium/potassium nitrate with concentrated sulphuric acid
    • Reacts with metal oxides, hydroxides, carbonates, and hydrogen carbonates, forming respective nitrates
    • Acts as a strong oxidising agent

    Uses of Nitric Acid

    • Production of fertilizers
    • Manufacturing of explosives
    • Purification of gold
    • Rocket fuel
    • Laboratory reagent

    Sulphuric Acid (H2SO4)

    • Also known as oil of vitriol
    • A vital industrial chemical
    • Acidic, corrosive liquid
    • Preparation done by contact process (burning sulphur to make SO2, reaction with O2 and catalyst to make SO3, reaction with water to make H2SO4)

    Properties of Sulphuric Acid

    • Colourless, odourless, and oily liquid
    • Strong acid
    • Dehydrating agent
    • Strong oxidising agent.
    • Used in industries, metallurgical applications and other applications.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on various aspects of ammonia production and related chemical reactions in this quiz. Topics include the preparation of ammonia, the properties of acids, and the reactions involving nitrates. Ideal for students studying advanced chemistry concepts.

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