Chemistry Chapter: Matter and Atoms

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Questions and Answers

Match the following terms related to matter with their definitions:

Matter = Anything that occupies space and has mass Atom = Smallest unit of a chemical element Mixtures = Combination of two or more substances Vacuum = A volume of space without matter

Match the following scientists with their contributions to atomic theory:

Democritus = Proposed the idea of indivisible particles called atoms John Dalton = Formulated the Atomic Theory based on empirical laws Niels Bohr = Developed the model of the atom with electron orbits Erwin Schrödinger = Created the wave equation describing electron positions

Match the following types of matter with their descriptions:

Pure substance = Matter with a consistent composition Element = A pure substance that cannot be broken down Compound = A substance formed from two or more elements chemically bonded Mixture = A physical combination of two or more substances

Match the elements of an atom with their corresponding characteristics:

Protons = Positive charge located in the nucleus Neutrons = Neutral charge located in the nucleus Electrons = Negative charge found in orbitals outside the nucleus Nucleus = Central core of an atom containing protons and neutrons Signup and view all the answers

Match the following laws with their significance in atomic theory:

Law of Conservation of Mass = Mass is neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions Law of Constant Composition = A given compound always contains the same proportions of elements Law of Multiple Proportions = Elements can combine in different ways to form different compounds Avogadro's Law = Equal volumes of gases contain an equal number of molecules at the same temperature and pressure Signup and view all the answers

Match the assumptions of atomic theory with their descriptions:

Each element is composed of extremely small particles called atoms. = A All atoms of a given element are identical. = B Atoms cannot be changed into different elements by chemical reactions. = C Compounds are formed from a specific number and types of atoms. = D Signup and view all the answers

Match the subatomic particles with their properties:

Protons = Positively charged particles in the nucleus Neutrons = No charge particles in the nucleus Electrons = Negatively charged particles in electron shells Nucleus = Center region of the atom containing protons and neutrons Signup and view all the answers

Match the atomic model with its proponent:

Nuclear Model = Proposed by Ernest Rutherford Dalton's Atomic Theory = Involves assumptions about atoms Thomson's Plum Pudding Model = Describes dispersed positive charge with electrons Bohr Model = Introduces fixed orbits for electrons Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of charge with the corresponding subatomic particle:

Proton = Positive charge Neutron = No charge Electron = Negative charge Nucleus = Contains protons and neutrons Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms with their definitions:

Atoms = Smallest units of matter that keep their properties Compounds = Substances formed from two or more elements Chemical reactions = Processes where atoms rearrange without being created or destroyed Mass concentration = Almost all mass is found in the nucleus Signup and view all the answers

Matter is anything that occupies space and has ______.

mass Signup and view all the answers

All matter is made up of minute and indestructible particles called ______.

atoms Signup and view all the answers

The Greek word 'atomos' means ______.

indivisible Signup and view all the answers

Democritus is known as 'the laughing ______' for his contributions to atomic theory.

philosopher Signup and view all the answers

John Dalton used the Law of Conservation of Mass as a basis for his Atomic ______.

Theory Signup and view all the answers

Each element is composed of extremely small particles called ______.

atoms Signup and view all the answers

Atoms of one element cannot be changed into atoms of a different element by ______ reactions.

chemical Signup and view all the answers

The nucleus of the atom contains positively charged particles called and neutral particles called .

protons, neutrons Signup and view all the answers

The outermost regions of the atom are called electron ______, which contain the negatively charged particles.

shells Signup and view all the answers

The ______ model describes an atom with protons and neutrons in the central nucleus and electrons in orbit around it.

nuclear Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Matter

Matter is everything that makes up the universe
Matter is made of tiny, indestructible particles called atoms (Democritus)
Matter can be classified as pure substances or mixtures
A vacuum is an empty space with no matter

Atoms

Atoms are the basic units of matter (the smallest part of an element).
Atoms are made of even smaller particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
Protons have a positive charge(+1)
Neutrons have no charge (0)
Electrons have a negative charge (-1)
Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus (center of the atom) -Electrons orbit the nucleus

Atomic Structure

The nucleus is small but dense
Almost all the atom's mass is in the nucleus
Atoms contain electrons located in electron shells/orbitals outside the nucleus

Subatomic Particles

Protons (p+): positively charged particles in the nucleus
Neutrons (n⁰): no charge, in the nucleus
Electrons (e⁻): negatively charged particles, orbit the nucleus
Protons and neutrons are called nucleons
Protons are composed of two up quarks and one down quark.
Neutrons are composed of one up quark and two down quarks

Atomic Theory (Dalton)

Elements are made of extremely small particles called atoms
Atoms of a given element are identical, but different from other elements
Atoms of different elements combine to form compounds in simple whole number ratios -Atoms are neither created nor destroyed in chemical reactions

Determining the Number of Protons, Electrons, and Neutrons

Atomic number = number of protons
Atomic number = number of electrons (in a neutral atom)
Number of neutrons = mass number - atomic number
Mass number = protons + neutrons

Atomic Number

The atomic number (Z) is the number of protons in an atom of an element.
The atomic number determines the chemical properties of an element
In the periodic table of elements, the atomic number is located in the upper left of the element and is followed by the symbol which represents the element itself

Molecules

Molecules are groups of two or more atoms bonded together
Molecules are the smallest unit of a substance that can take part in a chemical reaction
Molecules can be simple, complex, or repeating units
A molecule forms when an atom bonds to other atoms; this may include atoms of the same element as the first atom, or of a different element

Examples of Molecules

Oxygen (O2)
Water (H2O)
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
Methane (CH4)

Identifying the Charge of Atoms

The total charge of an atom is calculated by the number of protons – number of electrons.
If the number of protons is greater than the number of electrons, the atom has a positive charge
If the number of electrons is greater than the number of protons, the atom has a negative charge.

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Description

Explore the fundamental concepts of matter and atomic structure in this quiz. Learn about the classification of matter, atomic particles, and the structure of atoms including protons, neutrons, and electrons. Test your knowledge on how these elements form the building blocks of the universe.