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Questions and Answers
What happens to the ionic radius of elements as you move from left to right across period 3?
What happens to the ionic radius of elements as you move from left to right across period 3?
- Ionic radius remains constant across the period.
- Ionic radius decreases for non-metals and increases for metals.
- Ionic radius increases for all elements.
- Ionic radius decreases for metals and increases for non-metals. (correct)
What is the nucleon number for particle A?
What is the nucleon number for particle A?
- 85 (correct)
- 75
- 95
- 105
Why is particle B classified as a negative ion?
Why is particle B classified as a negative ion?
- It has more protons than neutrons.
- It has more neutrons than electrons.
- It has an equal number of protons and electrons.
- It has more electrons than protons. (correct)
Which two particles are isotopes of the same element?
Which two particles are isotopes of the same element?
What is the definition of isotopes?
What is the definition of isotopes?
What occurs when potassium reacts with water?
What occurs when potassium reacts with water?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the reactivity of group 1 metals?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the reactivity of group 1 metals?
Which of the following is a necessary condition for the metals to react with water?
Which of the following is a necessary condition for the metals to react with water?
What happens to the atomic radius of group 1 metals as the atomic number increases?
What happens to the atomic radius of group 1 metals as the atomic number increases?
In an investigation on glow sticks, what is the independent variable?
In an investigation on glow sticks, what is the independent variable?
What is the expected outcome when sodium reacts with water?
What is the expected outcome when sodium reacts with water?
Which solution will give a blue/purple color when a universal indicator is added?
Which solution will give a blue/purple color when a universal indicator is added?
What role does the shielding effect play in the reactivity of alkaline metals?
What role does the shielding effect play in the reactivity of alkaline metals?
What characteristic do elements in the same group of the periodic table share that leads to similar chemical properties?
What characteristic do elements in the same group of the periodic table share that leads to similar chemical properties?
Which of the following statements is true regarding alkali metals?
Which of the following statements is true regarding alkali metals?
What gas is produced when lithium reacts with water?
What gas is produced when lithium reacts with water?
In the balanced chemical equation 2Li + Cl2 → 2LiCl, how many lithium atoms are involved?
In the balanced chemical equation 2Li + Cl2 → 2LiCl, how many lithium atoms are involved?
Which of the following correctly describes why alkali metals are in group 1 of the periodic table?
Which of the following correctly describes why alkali metals are in group 1 of the periodic table?
What is the relative mass of an electron compared to that of a proton?
What is the relative mass of an electron compared to that of a proton?
In an investigation about the reactivity of alkali metals, if the atomic radius is the independent variable, what is the dependent variable?
In an investigation about the reactivity of alkali metals, if the atomic radius is the independent variable, what is the dependent variable?
How many energy levels or shells would an element in period 6 of the periodic table have?
How many energy levels or shells would an element in period 6 of the periodic table have?
What apparatus can be used to measure the control variable for the mass of the metal used in a reaction?
What apparatus can be used to measure the control variable for the mass of the metal used in a reaction?
Which safety precaution is necessary when reacting alkali metals with water?
Which safety precaution is necessary when reacting alkali metals with water?
What variable is independent in the research question about halogen reactivity?
What variable is independent in the research question about halogen reactivity?
Which of the following describes the dependent variable in the research question about halogens?
Which of the following describes the dependent variable in the research question about halogens?
Which control variable should be maintained during the investigation of halogen reactivity?
Which control variable should be maintained during the investigation of halogen reactivity?
Why does the reactivity of halogens decrease as the atomic radius increases?
Why does the reactivity of halogens decrease as the atomic radius increases?
What type of goggles should be worn as a safety measure when handling alkali metals?
What type of goggles should be worn as a safety measure when handling alkali metals?
In which part of the investigation should the same concentrations of halogens be used?
In which part of the investigation should the same concentrations of halogens be used?
What is the primary independent variable in the perfume detection investigation?
What is the primary independent variable in the perfume detection investigation?
Which of the following best describes the dependent variable in the perfume experiment?
Which of the following best describes the dependent variable in the perfume experiment?
How can the researchers ensure that the measurement of water volume is consistent?
How can the researchers ensure that the measurement of water volume is consistent?
Why is distilled water preferred over regular water in the experiment?
Why is distilled water preferred over regular water in the experiment?
What is a possible control variable in the perfume detection experiment?
What is a possible control variable in the perfume detection experiment?
What hypothesis is suggested for the investigation about perfume distance and detection time?
What hypothesis is suggested for the investigation about perfume distance and detection time?
What could impact the time taken to detect a perfume scent aside from distance?
What could impact the time taken to detect a perfume scent aside from distance?
Which statement accurately addresses the relationship between altitude and temperature measurement?
Which statement accurately addresses the relationship between altitude and temperature measurement?
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Study Notes
Ionic Radius Trend
- As you move across Period 3, ionic radius decreases.
- Metals lose electrons to form cations. This results in more protons than electrons, pulling the electrons closer to the nucleus.
- Non-metals gain electrons to form anions. This creates an imbalance with more electrons than protons, making the atom larger.
Atomic Structure
- Nucleon number is the sum of protons and neutrons.
- Negative ions have more electrons than protons.
Isotopes
- Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
Alkali Metal Reactivity
- Alkali metals are in Group 1.
- Alkali metals react with water by losing one electron, becoming more reactive as you go down the group. This is due to the increasing distance of the outer electron from the nucleus, causing less attraction.
Periodicity and Electronic Structure
- Elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons, which determines their chemical reactivity.
Glow Stick Investigation
- Independent variable: Temperature of the water.
- Dependent variable: The time the glow stick glows.
- Control variables: Type of glow stick, size of glow stick.
- Hypothesis: The higher the temperature, the shorter the time the glow stick glows.
Conductivity Investigation
- Conduct a conductivity test by inserting a conductivity meter probe into solutions.
- Repeat the measurements 3 times to get consistent readings.
Alkali Metal Reactivity & Atomic Radius
- Independent variable: Atomic radius.
- Dependent variable: Reactivity of the alkali metals.
- Control variables: Volume of water, size/mass of metal.
Halogen Reactivity Investigation
- Research question: How does a change in atomic radius affect the reactivity of the halogens?
- Independent variable: Atomic radius.
- Dependent variable: Reactivity of the halogens.
- Control variables: Volume of halogens used, concentration of halogens.
Boiling Point of Water Investigation
- Controlled variables: Volume of water, type of water.
Perfume Detection Investigation
- Research question: How does the increase in the distance from the source of the perfume affect the time taken to detect the smell?
- Hypothesis: As the distance increases, the time taken to detect the smell will also increase.
- Explanation: Molecules of perfume take time to travel farther distances, making it harder to detect the smell.
- Independent variable: Distance from perfume source.
- Dependent variable: Time taken to detect the smell.
- Control variables: Type of perfume, strength of perfume.
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