Chemistry Chapter: Ionic Radius and Trends

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Questions and Answers

What happens to the ionic radius of elements as you move from left to right across period 3?

Ionic radius remains constant across the period.

Ionic radius decreases for non-metals and increases for metals.

Ionic radius increases for all elements.

Ionic radius decreases for metals and increases for non-metals. (correct)

What is the nucleon number for particle A?

85 (correct)

105

Why is particle B classified as a negative ion?

It has more protons than neutrons.

It has more neutrons than electrons.

It has an equal number of protons and electrons.

It has more electrons than protons. (correct)

Which two particles are isotopes of the same element?

C and E Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of isotopes?

Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when potassium reacts with water?

It gives off a lilac flame. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes the reactivity of group 1 metals?

Reactivity increases down the group. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a necessary condition for the metals to react with water?

The metals need to lose one electron. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the atomic radius of group 1 metals as the atomic number increases?

The atomic radius increases. Signup and view all the answers

In an investigation on glow sticks, what is the independent variable?

The temperature of the water. Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected outcome when sodium reacts with water?

It may form a silver ball that floats. Signup and view all the answers

Which solution will give a blue/purple color when a universal indicator is added?

An alkaline solution. Signup and view all the answers

What role does the shielding effect play in the reactivity of alkaline metals?

It causes the outer electron to be lost more easily. Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic do elements in the same group of the periodic table share that leads to similar chemical properties?

They have the same number of electrons in their outer shell. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding alkali metals?

They are found in group 1 of the periodic table and have one electron in their outer shell. Signup and view all the answers

What gas is produced when lithium reacts with water?

Hydrogen Signup and view all the answers

In the balanced chemical equation 2Li + Cl2 → 2LiCl, how many lithium atoms are involved?

2 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes why alkali metals are in group 1 of the periodic table?

They have one electron in the last energy level. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relative mass of an electron compared to that of a proton?

1/1840 Signup and view all the answers

In an investigation about the reactivity of alkali metals, if the atomic radius is the independent variable, what is the dependent variable?

Reactivity of the metals Signup and view all the answers

How many energy levels or shells would an element in period 6 of the periodic table have?

6 Signup and view all the answers

What apparatus can be used to measure the control variable for the mass of the metal used in a reaction?

Weighing balance Signup and view all the answers

Which safety precaution is necessary when reacting alkali metals with water?

Wearing gloves for protection Signup and view all the answers

What variable is independent in the research question about halogen reactivity?

Atomic radius Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the dependent variable in the research question about halogens?

Reactivity of the halogens Signup and view all the answers

Which control variable should be maintained during the investigation of halogen reactivity?

Volume of the halogens in reactions Signup and view all the answers

Why does the reactivity of halogens decrease as the atomic radius increases?

Increased distance from the nucleus reduces force of attraction Signup and view all the answers

What type of goggles should be worn as a safety measure when handling alkali metals?

Safety goggles Signup and view all the answers

In which part of the investigation should the same concentrations of halogens be used?

For consistent reactivity tests Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary independent variable in the perfume detection investigation?

Distance from the source of the perfume Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the dependent variable in the perfume experiment?

The time taken to detect the smell Signup and view all the answers

How can the researchers ensure that the measurement of water volume is consistent?

Use a 100 ml measuring cylinder Signup and view all the answers

Why is distilled water preferred over regular water in the experiment?

Distilled water has no solutes that could affect results Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible control variable in the perfume detection experiment?

The type of container the perfume is placed in Signup and view all the answers

What hypothesis is suggested for the investigation about perfume distance and detection time?

As distance increases, detection time will increase Signup and view all the answers

What could impact the time taken to detect a perfume scent aside from distance?

The size of the room where the experiment takes place Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately addresses the relationship between altitude and temperature measurement?

Temperature decreases with altitude Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ionic Radius Trend

As you move across Period 3, ionic radius decreases.
Metals lose electrons to form cations. This results in more protons than electrons, pulling the electrons closer to the nucleus.
Non-metals gain electrons to form anions. This creates an imbalance with more electrons than protons, making the atom larger.

Atomic Structure

Nucleon number is the sum of protons and neutrons.
Negative ions have more electrons than protons.

Isotopes

Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.

Alkali Metal Reactivity

Alkali metals are in Group 1.
Alkali metals react with water by losing one electron, becoming more reactive as you go down the group. This is due to the increasing distance of the outer electron from the nucleus, causing less attraction.

Periodicity and Electronic Structure

Elements in the same group have the same number of valence electrons, which determines their chemical reactivity.

Glow Stick Investigation

Independent variable: Temperature of the water.
Dependent variable: The time the glow stick glows.
Control variables: Type of glow stick, size of glow stick.
Hypothesis: The higher the temperature, the shorter the time the glow stick glows.

Conductivity Investigation

Conduct a conductivity test by inserting a conductivity meter probe into solutions.
Repeat the measurements 3 times to get consistent readings.

Alkali Metal Reactivity & Atomic Radius

Independent variable: Atomic radius.
Dependent variable: Reactivity of the alkali metals.
Control variables: Volume of water, size/mass of metal.

Halogen Reactivity Investigation

Research question: How does a change in atomic radius affect the reactivity of the halogens?
Independent variable: Atomic radius.
Dependent variable: Reactivity of the halogens.
Control variables: Volume of halogens used, concentration of halogens.

Boiling Point of Water Investigation

Controlled variables: Volume of water, type of water.

Perfume Detection Investigation

Research question: How does the increase in the distance from the source of the perfume affect the time taken to detect the smell?
Hypothesis: As the distance increases, the time taken to detect the smell will also increase.
Explanation: Molecules of perfume take time to travel farther distances, making it harder to detect the smell.
Independent variable: Distance from perfume source.
Dependent variable: Time taken to detect the smell.
Control variables: Type of perfume, strength of perfume.

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Description

Explore the concepts of ionic radius and atomic structure in this quiz covering Period 3 trends and the behavior of alkali metals. Understand the differences between cations and anions, as well as the significance of isotopes. Test your knowledge on periodicity and electronic structure in chemistry.