Chemistry Chapter: Compounds vs Mixtures

Creating a black hole through Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC) requires immense energy to compress mass into the singularity.

A quantum state of matter where atoms behave as a single entity, enabling macroscopic examination of quantum mechanics.

Bose-Einstein Condensates can study quantum mechanics on a large scale, reveal the particle/wave duality, and simulate conditions in black holes.

Matter is categorized broadly as pure substances (elements and compounds), and mixtures (homogeneous and heterogeneous).

A substance with fixed and uniform composition that can't be physically separated into simpler components.

A blend of two or more pure substances, in which each substance retains its own properties and can be separated by physical means.

A mixture with uniform composition throughout, like saltwater or air.

A mixture with non-uniform composition, with visible different parts like a salad or a pizza.

A fundamental substance made of only one type of atom, the simplest form of matter.

A substance formed by chemically combining two or more elements in a fixed ratio.

The smallest particle of a compound or some elements that retains the properties of the substance.

A process where a substance transforms into a different substance with different properties.

A characteristic of a substance that describes its ability to undergo a specific chemical change.

The change of a substance directly from a gas to a solid without becoming a liquid.

A decimal system of measurement used in many countries, based on the meter and kilogram.

The preferred set of metric units used for scientific measurements, based on an international agreement.

A property of a substance that is associated with a specific numerical value.

The specifications for the quantitative quantities like length, mass, or volume.

The temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid at a given pressure.

The temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid at a given pressure.

Direct conversion of a solid to a gas without becoming a liquid.

Conversion of a liquid to a gas by either evaporation or boiling.

Vaporization that occurs at the surface of a liquid.

The temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas (vapor) throughout the liquid.

Conversion of a gas to a liquid due to loss of energy.

The specific temperature and pressure where a substance exists simultaneously as a solid, liquid, and gas.

Water expands when it freezes into ice, reducing its density as molecules push farther apart. This causes ice to float on water.

Adding salt to water lowers the freezing point of the water.

A temperature scale where 0°C is the freezing point and 100°C is the boiling point of pure water.

The SI unit of temperature, where 0 K is absolute zero. One degree on the Kelvin scale is the same size as one degree on the Celsius scale

The theoretical temperature at which all molecular motion stops, 0 K.

K = °C + 273.15

A temperature scale with 32°F as the freezing point and 212°F as the boiling point of pure water.

Force per unit area.

Pascal (Pa).Defined as kg m⁻¹ s⁻² or N m⁻²

At constant temperature, the volume of a fixed mass of gas is inversely proportional to its pressure.

A substance formed when two or more elements chemically combine in a fixed ratio.

Compounds have properties different from the individual elements that make them up.

P₁V₁ = P₂V₂ (where P₁ and V₁ are initial pressure and volume, and P₂ and V₂ are the changed values).

A compound primarily made of carbon and hydrogen atoms.

Relationships describing the behavior of gases, relating pressure, temperature, and volume.

A compound that does not primarily contain carbon and hydrogen.

As one variable (like pressure) increases, another (like volume) decreases, keeping the third (like temperature) constant.

A crucial condition for Boyle's Law; temperature must remain unchanged during pressure-volume experiments.

A compound containing bonds between carbon and a metal element.

A combination of two or more substances in which each substance retains its individual chemical properties

A mixture in which the different components are not evenly distributed and can be seen distinctly.

A mixture in which the different components are evenly distributed and cannot be seen individually.

A homogeneous mixture of metals or a metal and one or more other elements.

A homogeneous mixture of a solute (a substance dissolving) in a solvent (substance doing the dissolving).

A heterogeneous mixture of a solid dispersed in a liquid, where the solid particles will eventually settle.

A heterogeneous mixture of tiny particles dispersed in a medium, they don't settle but are evenly distributed.

The substance in which another substance is dispersed in a mixture.

The substance dispersed in the dispersing medium.