Chemistry Solutions and Mixtures

Solutions

• Solutions involve supplying energy
• Endothermic solutions absorb heat
• Exothermic solutions release heat

Mixtures

• Mixtures are two or more substances that do not combine chemically
• Mixtures are combined physically

Compounds

• Compounds are chemically combined
• Compounds have a fixed proportion

Solutions (continued)

• Solutions are homogenous throughout
• Solutions can be made of solids, liquids, or gases
• Examples of solutions:
  • Gaseous Solutions (e.g., air)
  • Liquid Solutions (e.g., drinks)
  • Solid solutions (e.g., alloys, steel, brass)

Solute

• The solute is the substance being dissolved
• It is the lesser component

Solvent

• The solvent is the substance that dissolves the solute
• It is the greater component
• Examples of solvents include water

Humidity

• Humidity is water dissolved in the air

Effervescence

• Effervescence is the escape of gas from a solution

Suspension

• Suspensions are identifiable by different parts
• Salt lowers the freezing point

Concentration

• Concentration is the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent at a specific temperature

Dilute

• Dilute solutions have a low concentration of solute

Concentrated

• Concentrated solutions have a high concentration of solute

Unsaturated Solution

• Unsaturated solutions have less than the maximum concentration of solute dissolved

Saturated Solution

• Saturated solutions have the maximum concentration of solute dissolved

Supersaturated Solution

• Supersaturated solutions contain more solute than is normally possible
• Solubility is the amount of substance that will dissolve in a certain amount of solvent at a given temperature

Factors Affecting Solubility

• Higher pressure increases the amount of gas that can be dissolved
• Temperature- Increased temperature makes substances dissolve faster
• Shaking - faster dissolving
• Particle size – smaller particles dissolve faster