Chemistry Solutions and Mixtures

Solutions

• Solutions involve supplying energy
• Endothermic solutions absorb heat
• Exothermic solutions release heat

Mixtures

• Mixtures are two or more substances that do not combine chemically
• Mixtures are combined physically

Compounds

• Compounds are chemically combined
• Compounds have a fixed proportion

Solutions (continued)

• Solutions are homogenous throughout
• Solutions can be made of solids, liquids, or gases
• Examples of solutions:
  • Gaseous Solutions (e.g., air)
  • Liquid Solutions (e.g., drinks)
  • Solid solutions (e.g., alloys, steel, brass)

Solute

• The solute is the substance being dissolved
• It is the lesser component

Solvent

• The solvent is the substance that dissolves the solute
• It is the greater component
• Examples of solvents include water

Humidity

• Humidity is water dissolved in the air

Effervescence

• Effervescence is the escape of gas from a solution

Suspension

• Suspensions are identifiable by different parts
• Salt lowers the freezing point

Concentration

• Concentration is the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent at a specific temperature

Dilute

• Dilute solutions have a low concentration of solute

Concentrated

• Concentrated solutions have a high concentration of solute

Unsaturated Solution

• Unsaturated solutions have less than the maximum concentration of solute dissolved

Saturated Solution

• Saturated solutions have the maximum concentration of solute dissolved

Supersaturated Solution

• Supersaturated solutions contain more solute than is normally possible
• Solubility is the amount of substance that will dissolve in a certain amount of solvent at a given temperature

Factors Affecting Solubility

• Higher pressure increases the amount of gas that can be dissolved
• Temperature- Increased temperature makes substances dissolve faster
• Shaking - faster dissolving
• Particle size – smaller particles dissolve faster

This quiz covers key concepts about solutions, mixtures, and compounds in chemistry. Explore the definitions and characteristics of solutes and solvents, as well as the differences between various states of matter. Test your understanding of how mixtures are formed and the behavior of solutions.