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Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes a supersaturated solution?
Which of the following best describes a supersaturated solution?
- A solution that contains more solute than the maximum amount that can dissolve at a given temperature. (correct)
- A solution that has reached equilibrium between the dissolved solute and the undissolved solute.
- A solution that contains the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a given temperature.
- A solution that contains less solute than the maximum amount that can dissolve at a given temperature.
The solubility of a gas in a liquid decreases as temperature increases.
The solubility of a gas in a liquid decreases as temperature increases.
True (A)
What is the molar mass of sodium chloride (NaCl)?
What is the molar mass of sodium chloride (NaCl)?
58.44 g/mol
A solution that conducts electricity is called an ______.
A solution that conducts electricity is called an ______.
Match the following terms with their definitions.
Match the following terms with their definitions.
Flashcards
Mole
Mole
A mole is a unit for measuring amount of substance, equivalent to 6.022 x 10²³ particles.
Molar Mass
Molar Mass
Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, typically expressed in grams per mole (g/mol).
Avogadro’s Number
Avogadro’s Number
Avogadro’s number is 6.022 x 10²³, used to calculate the number of particles in a mole of a substance.
Percent Composition
Percent Composition
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Empirical vs. Molecular Formula
Empirical vs. Molecular Formula
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Study Notes
Moles and Molar Mass
- A mole is a standard scientific unit representing 6.022 x 1023 particles (atoms or molecules).
- Molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance. It's typically expressed in grams per mole (g/mol).
- Using molar mass, you can convert between the mass of a substance (in grams) and the amount of substance (in moles).
Avogadro's Number
- Avogadro's number (6.022 x 1023) relates the number of particles to the amount of substance (in moles).
- It allows you to calculate the number of atoms or molecules in a given sample.
Percent Composition
- Percent composition describes the percentage by mass of each element in a compound. It helps determine the relative abundance of elements.
Empirical vs. Molecular Formulas
- Empirical formulas show the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a compound.
- Molecular formulas show the actual number of each type of atom in a molecule.
Water's Role in Solutions
- Water is a polar molecule. This polarity is crucial for its unique role in dissolving other substances.
Types of Solutions
- Solutions include electrolytes (substances that dissolve and form ions in water, e.g., NaCl) and nonelectrolytes (substances that don't ionize in water).
- Solutions can be unsaturated (can dissolve more solute), saturated (cannot dissolve more solute at that temperature), or supersaturated (contain more solute than a saturated solution at the same temperature).
Solubility and Temperature
- Solubility curves illustrate how the solubility of a solid or gas changes with temperature.
- Factors influencing dissolution rates include temperature (higher temperature generally increases rate), agitation, and surface area (smaller particle size increases rate).
Solubility Rules and Prediction
- Solubility rules help predict the solubility of ionic compounds.
- These rules can be used to predict whether a double replacement reaction will produce a precipitate (insoluble compound).
Molarity Calculations
- Molarity is a unit of concentration (moles of solute per liter of solution)
- You can calculate molarity to define the concentration of a solute in a solution.
Solution Dilutions
- Solution dilutions are calculated using the initial and final volumes and concentrations.
- M1V1 = M2V2
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