Chemistry Chapter 4 Flashcards

Ions form when an atom loses a valence electron and becomes a positive ion, or when it gains an electron and becomes a negative ion.

For formulas, write the symbol of the positive ion followed by the negative ion and add subscripts to balance charges. For names, the positive ion's name comes first, followed by the negative ion's name.

Ionic compounds form hard brittle crystals with high melting points and conduct electric current when dissolved in water or melted.

<p>Noble gases do not react because their valence ring is filled with electrons, leaving no space for more.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Valence electrons are the electrons that have the highest energy and determine the chemical properties of an element.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An electron dot diagram shows the chemical symbol of an atom with dots surrounding it to represent valence electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A chemical bond is the force of attraction that holds atoms together due to the rearrangement of electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atoms bond to become more stable by filling their valence ring with valence electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An element's chemistry is determined by its amount of valence electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Except for period 1, elements in a group have the same number of valence electrons, giving them similar properties.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metals chemically react by losing their valence electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reactivity of metals is determined by how easily they lose their valence electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As you move from left to right on the periodic table, the reactivity of metals decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nonmetals can become stable by gaining or sharing valence electrons to fill their valence ring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nonmetals usually combine with metals by gaining electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Yes, nonmetals can combine with other nonmetals or metalloids by sharing electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Halogens (Group 17) easily react with other elements because they only need to gain one electron, as they have 7 valence electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metalloids can lose or share electrons when they combine with other elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydrogen is all alone because it is a nonmetal on the metal side of the table, has different properties than alkali metals, and shares its electron when forming compounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Having 8 valence electrons makes an element stable and nonreactive.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An ion is an atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A polyatomic ion is an ion made of more than one atom and can have an overall positive or negative charge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An ionic bond is the attraction between two oppositely charged ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An ionic compound is made up of an equal amount of positive and negative ions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A chemical formula uses symbols to show the ratio of elements in a compound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A subscript is a number written below and behind the chemical symbols in a chemical formula.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A crystal is formed when ions create an orderly, three-dimensional arrangement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atoms are held together in a covalent bond by the attractions between the shared electrons and the protons in the nucleus of each atom.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A molecule is a neutral group of atoms joined by covalent bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A single bond is a chemical bond in which one pair of electrons is shared between two atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A double bond is when two atoms share two pairs of electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A triple bond occurs when two atoms share three pairs of electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A molecular compound is made up of molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A nonpolar bond is a covalent bond when electrons are shared equally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A polar bond is a covalent bond when the electrons are shared unequally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Molecular compounds usually do not conduct electric current when melted or dissolved in water and have lower melting and boiling points compared to ionic compounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bonded atoms become partially charged due to unequal sharing of electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A metallic bond is formed by the attraction between positively charged metal ions and the electrons around them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An alloy is a mixture made of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A metal crystal is composed of closely packed, positively charged metal ions with valence electrons drifting among them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metals typically exhibit shiny luster, high levels of malleability, ductility, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An electron dot diagram shows the number of valence electrons an atom has and specifically represents the elements on the outside ring.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In polar bonding, electrons are shared unevenly, while in nonpolar bonding, electrons are shared equally.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>chemical properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>positive, negative</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metallic bonds are good conductors of heat and electricity because their valence electrons are allowed to move freely around, facilitating energy transfer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An example of a nonpolar bond is the bond between two hydrogen atoms because they equally share their pair of electrons. A polar bond is water (H2O), where oxygen spends more time with the electrons than the two hydrogen atoms do.</p> Signup and view all the answers