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Questions and Answers
What type of bond is primarily responsible for the unique properties of water?
What type of bond is primarily responsible for the unique properties of water?
Water is a nonpolar molecule.
Water is a nonpolar molecule.
False
Name one of the four emergent properties of water that contribute to Earth's suitability for life.
Name one of the four emergent properties of water that contribute to Earth's suitability for life.
cohesive behavior
The ability of water to moderate temperature is due to its ________ capacity.
The ability of water to moderate temperature is due to its ________ capacity.
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Match the following properties of water with their descriptions:
Match the following properties of water with their descriptions:
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Why is cohesion important for plants?
Why is cohesion important for plants?
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Water molecules exhibit low surface tension due to hydrogen bonding.
Water molecules exhibit low surface tension due to hydrogen bonding.
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What is the specific heat of water?
What is the specific heat of water?
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What is the term for the measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid?
What is the term for the measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid?
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Water cools down rapidly and changes temperature quickly.
Water cools down rapidly and changes temperature quickly.
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What is evaporative cooling?
What is evaporative cooling?
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A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by ___ºC.
A calorie is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by ___ºC.
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Match the terms related to heat and water:
Match the terms related to heat and water:
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How does water moderate air temperature in coastal areas?
How does water moderate air temperature in coastal areas?
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Hydrogen bonds in water help to keep its temperature stable.
Hydrogen bonds in water help to keep its temperature stable.
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What happens to water's temperature during the process of heating?
What happens to water's temperature during the process of heating?
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At what temperature does water reach its greatest density?
At what temperature does water reach its greatest density?
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Ice is denser than liquid water.
Ice is denser than liquid water.
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What is the term for the mixture where water is the dissolving agent?
What is the term for the mixture where water is the dissolving agent?
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A __________ substance has an affinity for water.
A __________ substance has an affinity for water.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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What effect could the sinking of ice have on bodies of water?
What effect could the sinking of ice have on bodies of water?
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Oil molecules are hydrophilic due to their nonpolar bonds.
Oil molecules are hydrophilic due to their nonpolar bonds.
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What surrounds each ion when an ionic compound is dissolved in water?
What surrounds each ion when an ionic compound is dissolved in water?
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What is the definition of molarity (M)?
What is the definition of molarity (M)?
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Acids increase the OH- concentration of a solution.
Acids increase the OH- concentration of a solution.
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What is the pH value of a neutral aqueous solution?
What is the pH value of a neutral aqueous solution?
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In aqueous solutions, when an acid donates a proton, it increases the concentration of ______.
In aqueous solutions, when an acid donates a proton, it increases the concentration of ______.
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Match the following terms with their correct definitions:
Match the following terms with their correct definitions:
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Which of the following statements is true regarding acidic solutions?
Which of the following statements is true regarding acidic solutions?
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The concentration of H+ and OH- is equal in pure water.
The concentration of H+ and OH- is equal in pure water.
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What is the formula to calculate pH?
What is the formula to calculate pH?
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Study Notes
Chapter 3: The Chemistry of Water
- Water's structure is crucial for life on Earth.
- Polar covalent bonds in water molecules lead to hydrogen bonding.
- Electrons spend more time near oxygen in water.
- Water is therefore a polar molecule, with an uneven distribution of charge.
- This polarity allows water molecules to form hydrogen bonds with each other.
- Four emergent properties of water support life:
- Cohesive behavior: Hydrogen bonding holds water molecules together, creating surface tension, which helps in water transport in plants. Adhesion is the attraction between water and other substances. These properties together are important in transporting water in plants.
- Ability to moderate temperature: Water absorbs and releases a large amount of heat with minimal temperature change, keeping temperatures within a habitable range. Specific heat is the amount of heat needed to change 1g of water by 1°C.
- Expansion upon freezing: Water expands when it freezes, making ice less dense than liquid water. This is important, as ice floats, preventing bodies of water from freezing solid.
- Versatility as a solvent: Water's polarity allows it to dissolve many ionic and polar substances, forming aqueous solutions. Aqueous solutions are solutions where water is the solvent.
- Water is a versatile solvent due to its polarity.
- When an ionic compound is dissolved in water, each ion is surrounded by a sphere of water molecules called a hydration shell.
- Water can also dissolve nonionic polar molecules and even large molecules like proteins.
- Hydrophilic substances have an affinity for water, while hydrophobic substances do not. Oil molecules are hydrophobic due to relatively nonpolar bonds.
- Hydrophobic molecules are important components of cell membranes.
- Solute concentration in aqueous solutions is measured in moles. Molecular mass is the sum of atom masses in a molecule. 1 mole = 6.02 x 1023 molecules. Molarity (M) is the number of moles per liter of solution.
- Acids increase H+ concentration in a solution; bases accept H+ ions.
- Acidity is measured by pH, a negative logarithm of H+ concentration.
- Pure water has a pH of 7, neutral. Biological fluids generally have pH between 6 and 8.
- Buffers are substances that minimize changes in H+ and OH- concentrations.
- Most buffer solutions consist of a weak acid and its corresponding base that combines with H+ reversibly. Carbon dioxide and bicarbonate are a common buffer in living organisms.
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Description
Explore the essential chemistry of water in this quiz. Learn about water's structure, its polar nature, and the critical emergent properties that support life. Test your understanding of concepts like hydrogen bonding, temperature moderation, and much more.
