Chemistry Chapter 2 Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the charge of a strontium atom?

What is the maximum charge an ion is most likely to have?

three

What does the number before the letter A in the grouping of the representative elements represent?

The number of valence electrons

How many valence electrons are in an atom of Magnesium, Helium, and Silicon?

Helium has two; other elements have valence electrons equal to their group number. Signup and view all the answers

What is the electron configuration of gallium?

Use the aufbau diagram to do electron configurations. Signup and view all the answers

What is a halide?

A negative ion formed when a halogen atom gains an electron. Signup and view all the answers

What is the octet rule?

Atoms try and get a stable 8 valence electron configuration. Signup and view all the answers

What is an ionic bond?

The electrostatic attraction that binds oppositely charged ions together. Signup and view all the answers

What is electron dot notation?

A notation that depicts valence electrons as dots around the atomic symbol of the element. Signup and view all the answers

What is the coordination number?

The number of ions of opposite charge that surround each ion in a crystal. Signup and view all the answers

What is a metallic bond?

The force of attraction that holds metals together. Signup and view all the answers

What is salt?

A neutral ionic compound. Signup and view all the answers

How does oxygen obey the octet rule when reacting to form compounds?

It must accept two electrons to make the outer level have 8 electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What would be the outer electron configuration of a pseudo noble gas?

18 s^2 p^6 d^10 Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons would silver and barium give up in order to be a stable ion?

Barium - 2, Silver - 1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula of an ion formed when potassium achieves the noble gas electron configuration?

K+1 Signup and view all the answers

How will the electron configuration of iodine and fluoride change when they become ions?

They will both gain one electron to become I- and F-. Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons does nitrogen gain in order to have a pseudo-noble gas configuration?

3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula of the ion formed when potassium, sodium, tin, and oxygen achieve pseudo-noble gas configuration?

K+1, Na+1, Sn+4, O-2 Signup and view all the answers

What elements form ions of +1 charge?

Group 1 elements Signup and view all the answers

What physical state are ionic compounds found at, at room temperature?

Crystalline solids Signup and view all the answers

What is the charge on a cation in the compound sodium sulfide?

+1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the common name given for compounds joined by an ionic bond?

Salts Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in the formation of an ionic bond? What force holds it together?

The transfer of electrons Signup and view all the answers

What is true about all ionic compounds?

They are held together by electrostatic charge, contain positive and negative ions, and always include a nonmetal. Signup and view all the answers

How many valence electrons are transferred from nitrogen to potassium when potassium nitride forms?

N-3, K+1, NONE; nonmetals won't transfer to a metal. Signup and view all the answers

In a hexagonal close-packed crystal, every atom is surrounded by how many oppositely charged ions?

12 Signup and view all the answers

Which metallic crystal has a coordination number of 8?

Cesium chloride Signup and view all the answers

List the three types of metallic crystal structures.

Hexagonal close-packed, face-centered cubic, body-centered cubic Signup and view all the answers

Describe how a metallic bond works. How does this explain the properties of metals?

Free floating electrons line up and allow the full circuit of electricity; metals can be changed without breaking. Signup and view all the answers

Under what conditions can potassium bromide conduct electricity?

When it's melted or disassociated in water. Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the melting point of potassium chloride?

It has a high melting point. Signup and view all the answers

Metals always _ electrons while nonmetals usually ___ electrons.

Lose; gain Signup and view all the answers

Why are alloys better than their individual components alone?

Alloys contain properties of all the elements instead of just one. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Atomic Charge and Valence Electrons

Strontium atom has a charge of +2 due to its position in group 2.
Maximum charge an ion can typically have is +3.
The number preceding the letter 'A' in representative elements indicates the number of valence electrons.
Helium has 2 valence electrons, unlike Magnesium and Silicon, which follow their group number for valence count.

Electron Configuration and Bonding

Gallium's electron configuration can be determined using the aufbau diagram.
Halides are negative ions formed when halogen atoms gain an electron.
The octet rule states that atoms aim for a stable configuration of 8 valence electrons.
Ionic bonds are formed through the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.

Ionic Compounds and Conductivity

Electron dot notation represents valence electrons as dots around the atomic symbol.
The coordination number is the count of oppositely charged ions surrounding each ion in a crystal.
Metallic bonds involve the attraction between free-floating valence electrons and positively charged metal ions.

Ionic Characteristics and Reactions

Salts are neutral ionic compounds.
Oxygen achieves the octet rule by accepting two electrons for a stable outer level.
A pseudo noble gas configuration includes 18 electrons in the arrangement of 2 electrons in s, 6 in p, and 10 in d subshells.
Silver loses 1 electron, and Barium loses 2 electrons to stabilize as ions.

Ion Formation and Types

The ion formed when potassium achieves noble gas configuration is K+1.
Both iodine and fluoride gain one electron to form I- and F- ions, respectively.
Nitrogen gains 3 electrons to achieve a pseudo noble gas configuration.
Group 1 elements, such as potassium and sodium, form +1 charged ions.

Physical Properties and Crystal Structures

Ionic compounds generally exist as crystalline solids at room temperature.
In sodium sulfide, the cation has a charge of +1.
Ionic compounds are commonly referred to as salts, characterized by electrostatic bonding of positive and negative ions, with nonmetals frequently in the mix.
Nitrogen transfers 3 electrons to potassium when potassium nitride is formed; typically, nonmetals gain and metals lose electrons during reactions.

Coordination and Metallic Bonds

In hexagonal close-packed crystals, each atom is surrounded by 12 oppositely charged ions.
Cesium chloride exhibits a coordination number of 8 in its metallic crystal structure.
Three types of metallic crystal structures include hexagonal close-packed, face-centered cubic, and body-centered cubic.

Properties of Metals and Alloys

Metallic bonds allow free-floating electrons to conduct electricity, making metals malleable and ductile.
Potassium bromide can conduct electricity when melted or disassociated in water.
Potassium chloride possesses a high melting point due to its ionic nature.
Metals typically lose electrons, while nonmetals gain them.
Alloys are preferable as they combine the properties of constituent elements rather than relying on a single element's characteristics.

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Description

Test your knowledge on basic chemistry concepts involving atomic charges and valence electrons. This quiz covers crucial information about elements like strontium, magnesium, helium, and silicon. Perfect for students wanting to reinforce their understanding of group elements and their properties.