Questions and Answers
What is the charge of a strontium atom?
+2
What is the maximum charge an ion is most likely to have?
three
What does the number before the letter A in the grouping of the representative elements represent?
The number of valence electrons
How many valence electrons are in an atom of Magnesium, Helium, and Silicon?
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What is the electron configuration of gallium?
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What is a halide?
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What is the octet rule?
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What is an ionic bond?
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What is electron dot notation?
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What is the coordination number?
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What is a metallic bond?
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What is salt?
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How does oxygen obey the octet rule when reacting to form compounds?
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What would be the outer electron configuration of a pseudo noble gas?
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How many electrons would silver and barium give up in order to be a stable ion?
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What is the formula of an ion formed when potassium achieves the noble gas electron configuration?
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How will the electron configuration of iodine and fluoride change when they become ions?
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How many electrons does nitrogen gain in order to have a pseudo-noble gas configuration?
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What is the formula of the ion formed when potassium, sodium, tin, and oxygen achieve pseudo-noble gas configuration?
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What elements form ions of +1 charge?
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What physical state are ionic compounds found at, at room temperature?
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What is the charge on a cation in the compound sodium sulfide?
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What is the common name given for compounds joined by an ionic bond?
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What occurs in the formation of an ionic bond? What force holds it together?
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What is true about all ionic compounds?
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How many valence electrons are transferred from nitrogen to potassium when potassium nitride forms?
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In a hexagonal close-packed crystal, every atom is surrounded by how many oppositely charged ions?
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Which metallic crystal has a coordination number of 8?
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List the three types of metallic crystal structures.
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Describe how a metallic bond works. How does this explain the properties of metals?
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Under what conditions can potassium bromide conduct electricity?
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What is true about the melting point of potassium chloride?
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Metals always _______ electrons while nonmetals usually _________ electrons.
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Why are alloys better than their individual components alone?
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Study Notes
Atomic Charge and Valence Electrons
- Strontium atom has a charge of +2 due to its position in group 2.
- Maximum charge an ion can typically have is +3.
- The number preceding the letter 'A' in representative elements indicates the number of valence electrons.
- Helium has 2 valence electrons, unlike Magnesium and Silicon, which follow their group number for valence count.
Electron Configuration and Bonding
- Gallium's electron configuration can be determined using the aufbau diagram.
- Halides are negative ions formed when halogen atoms gain an electron.
- The octet rule states that atoms aim for a stable configuration of 8 valence electrons.
- Ionic bonds are formed through the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
Ionic Compounds and Conductivity
- Electron dot notation represents valence electrons as dots around the atomic symbol.
- The coordination number is the count of oppositely charged ions surrounding each ion in a crystal.
- Metallic bonds involve the attraction between free-floating valence electrons and positively charged metal ions.
Ionic Characteristics and Reactions
- Salts are neutral ionic compounds.
- Oxygen achieves the octet rule by accepting two electrons for a stable outer level.
- A pseudo noble gas configuration includes 18 electrons in the arrangement of 2 electrons in s, 6 in p, and 10 in d subshells.
- Silver loses 1 electron, and Barium loses 2 electrons to stabilize as ions.
Ion Formation and Types
- The ion formed when potassium achieves noble gas configuration is K+1.
- Both iodine and fluoride gain one electron to form I- and F- ions, respectively.
- Nitrogen gains 3 electrons to achieve a pseudo noble gas configuration.
- Group 1 elements, such as potassium and sodium, form +1 charged ions.
Physical Properties and Crystal Structures
- Ionic compounds generally exist as crystalline solids at room temperature.
- In sodium sulfide, the cation has a charge of +1.
- Ionic compounds are commonly referred to as salts, characterized by electrostatic bonding of positive and negative ions, with nonmetals frequently in the mix.
- Nitrogen transfers 3 electrons to potassium when potassium nitride is formed; typically, nonmetals gain and metals lose electrons during reactions.
Coordination and Metallic Bonds
- In hexagonal close-packed crystals, each atom is surrounded by 12 oppositely charged ions.
- Cesium chloride exhibits a coordination number of 8 in its metallic crystal structure.
- Three types of metallic crystal structures include hexagonal close-packed, face-centered cubic, and body-centered cubic.
Properties of Metals and Alloys
- Metallic bonds allow free-floating electrons to conduct electricity, making metals malleable and ductile.
- Potassium bromide can conduct electricity when melted or disassociated in water.
- Potassium chloride possesses a high melting point due to its ionic nature.
- Metals typically lose electrons, while nonmetals gain them.
- Alloys are preferable as they combine the properties of constituent elements rather than relying on a single element's characteristics.
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Description
Test your knowledge on basic chemistry concepts involving atomic charges and valence electrons. This quiz covers crucial information about elements like strontium, magnesium, helium, and silicon. Perfect for students wanting to reinforce their understanding of group elements and their properties.