Chemistry Chapter One Review

Chapter One Review

• Matter States: Differentiate and characterize the three physical states of matter.
• Substances vs. Mixtures: Classify a sample of matter as a substance or a mixture, and classify mixtures as homogeneous or heterogeneous.
• Mixture Separation: List and describe several techniques used to separate mixtures.
• Elements vs. Compounds: State the difference between an element and a compound.
• Element Classification: Classify substances as elements or compounds.
• Periodic Table: Memorize the names of the first 36 elements on the periodic table and their location.
• Diatomic Elements: Know the seven diatomic elements (H₂, N₂, O₂, F₂, Cl₂, Br₂, and I₂).
• Potential vs. Kinetic Energy: Distinguish between potential and kinetic energy.
• Conservation of Matter/Energy: State and apply the law of conservation of matter and energy.
• Physical vs. Chemical Properties/Changes: Classify properties of and changes in matter as physical or chemical.
• Extensive vs. Intensive Properties: Distinguish between extensive and intensive physical properties of matter.
• SI Units: Name SI units for length, mass, time, volume, and density.
• Metric Units: List and define common metric units.
• Mass vs. Weight: Distinguish between mass and weight.
• Density Calculations: Perform density calculations and identify substances using density.
• Accuracy vs. Precision: Distinguish between accuracy and precision.
• Significant Figures: Determine the number of significant figures in measurements.
• Mathematical Operations (Sig Figs): Perform mathematical operations involving significant figures.
• Scientific Notation: Convert measurements into scientific notation.
• Percent Error: Determine percent error of a measurement from experimental data.
• Conversion Factors: Construct conversion factors from equivalent measurements.
• Dimensional Analysis: Apply the techniques of dimensional analysis to a variety of conversion factors to solve multi-step problems.

Matter and Change

• Physical vs. Chemical Properties: Classify the following as a physical or a chemical property
  • Iron and oxygen form rust.
  • Iron is more dense than aluminum
  • Oil and water do not mix.
  • Magnesium burns brightly when ignited
  • Mercury melts at -39°C.
  • Silver tarnishes.
  • A sheet of copper can be pounded into a bowl.
  • Potassium metal is kept submerged in oil to prevent contact with oxygen or water.
  • Helium does not react with any other element.
  • A bar of lead is more easily bent than a bar of aluminum of the same size.
• Extensive vs. Intensive Physical Properties: Identify each physical property as extensive or intensive.
  • Melting point
  • Mass
  • Density
  • Length
• Physical vs. Chemical Changes: Classify the following as a physical or a chemical change.
  • Breaking a pencil
  • Burning wood
  • Water freezing
  • Leaves changing color
  • Frying an egg
  • Recycling an aluminum can.
  • Moisture in the air forms beads of water on a cold windowpane.
  • An electric current changes water into hydrogen and oxygen.
  • Yeast cells in bread dough make carbon dioxide and ethanol from sugar.
  • Molten bronze is poured into a mold and solidifies to form a statue.

Scientific Measurements and Calculations

• Units Conversions: Solve problems related to unit conversions (e.g., centigrams to grams, liters to kiloliters, nanoseconds to seconds, meters to kilometers).
• Density Calculations: Calculate the density of a substance given mass and volume.
• Significant Figures: Round numbers to the correct number of significant figures.
• Dimensional Analysis: Calculate answers using dimensional analysis, such as converting units.