Chemistry Chapter One Review

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which of the following correctly distinguishes between potential and kinetic energy?

Kinetic energy can only be observed in objects at rest.

Potential energy is energy of motion, while kinetic energy is stored energy.

Both potential and kinetic energy are forms of stored energy.

Potential energy is energy stored due to position, while kinetic energy is energy of motion. (correct)

Which of the following aspects accurately describes mixtures?

A mixture has the same properties throughout.

All mixtures are homogeneous.

Mixtures always combine in fixed proportions.

Mixtures can be classified as either homogeneous or heterogeneous. (correct)

What is the mass of water displaced by a piece of lead that has a density of 11.34 g/cm³ and displaces 1.5 mL of water?

11.34 g

12.67 g

15.96 g

17.01 g (correct)

What best describes the law of conservation of matter and energy?

The total amount of matter and energy remains constant in a closed system. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following mixtures is classified as a homogeneous mixture?

Brass (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an extensive physical property?

Mass (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary separation technique to use when separating an insoluble solid from a liquid?

Filtration (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conversions correctly reflects scientific notation?

0.00078 as 7.8 x 10^-4 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the density of a piece of bone with a mass of 3.8 g and a volume of 2.0 cm³?

7.6 g/cm³ (C) Signup and view all the answers

What defines an intensive physical property?

It remains the same regardless of the sample size. (D) Signup and view all the answers

If a 12.2 g sample of substance X reacts with substance Y to form 78.9 g of XY, what is the mass of substance Y that reacted?

66.7 g (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the first 36 elements of the periodic table?

They can be memorized along with their positions. (D) Signup and view all the answers

How many nanoseconds are in a second?

1,000,000,000 (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements describes a physical change?

Ice melting into water. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the volume of a 4.8 g sample of rock salt with a density of 2.18 g/cm³?

2.2 cm³ (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a compound?

Table salt (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the speed in km/hr if the speedometer reads 63 miles per hour? (1 mile = 1609 m)

101.39 km/hr (C) Signup and view all the answers

How many significant figures are in the measurement 820,400.0 L?

6 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the density (in g/mL) of a material if you have 71.3 g and the volume is calculated as 86.9 mL?

0.821 g/mL (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is 5.36 x 10^-1 kg – 7.40 x 10^-2 kg in grams?

21.96 g (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the percent error for a density measurement of 9.00 g/mL when the accepted density for copper is 8.96 g/mL?

0.56% (C) Signup and view all the answers

How many millimeters are there in 2.5 x 10^2 km?

2.5 x 10^5 mm (B) Signup and view all the answers

If the actual length of a string is 76.58 cm, are the measurements 76.48 cm, 76.47 cm, 76.48 cm, and 76.46 cm accurate and precise?

Precise but not accurate (A) Signup and view all the answers

If you need to round the number 38.5432 g to four significant figures, what is the correct value?

38.54 g (A), 38.54 g (D) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chapter One Review

Matter States: Differentiate and characterize the three physical states of matter.
Substances vs. Mixtures: Classify a sample of matter as a substance or a mixture, and classify mixtures as homogeneous or heterogeneous.
Mixture Separation: List and describe several techniques used to separate mixtures.
Elements vs. Compounds: State the difference between an element and a compound.
Element Classification: Classify substances as elements or compounds.
Periodic Table: Memorize the names of the first 36 elements on the periodic table and their location.
Diatomic Elements: Know the seven diatomic elements (H₂, N₂, O₂, F₂, Cl₂, Br₂, and I₂).
Potential vs. Kinetic Energy: Distinguish between potential and kinetic energy.
Conservation of Matter/Energy: State and apply the law of conservation of matter and energy.
Physical vs. Chemical Properties/Changes: Classify properties of and changes in matter as physical or chemical.
Extensive vs. Intensive Properties: Distinguish between extensive and intensive physical properties of matter.
SI Units: Name SI units for length, mass, time, volume, and density.
Metric Units: List and define common metric units.
Mass vs. Weight: Distinguish between mass and weight.
Density Calculations: Perform density calculations and identify substances using density.
Accuracy vs. Precision: Distinguish between accuracy and precision.
Significant Figures: Determine the number of significant figures in measurements.
Mathematical Operations (Sig Figs): Perform mathematical operations involving significant figures.
Scientific Notation: Convert measurements into scientific notation.
Percent Error: Determine percent error of a measurement from experimental data.
Conversion Factors: Construct conversion factors from equivalent measurements.
Dimensional Analysis: Apply the techniques of dimensional analysis to a variety of conversion factors to solve multi-step problems.

Matter and Change

Physical vs. Chemical Properties: Classify the following as a physical or a chemical property
- Iron and oxygen form rust.
- Iron is more dense than aluminum
- Oil and water do not mix.
- Magnesium burns brightly when ignited
- Mercury melts at -39°C.
- Silver tarnishes.
- A sheet of copper can be pounded into a bowl.
- Potassium metal is kept submerged in oil to prevent contact with oxygen or water.
- Helium does not react with any other element.
- A bar of lead is more easily bent than a bar of aluminum of the same size.
Extensive vs. Intensive Physical Properties: Identify each physical property as extensive or intensive.
- Melting point
- Mass
- Density
- Length
Physical vs. Chemical Changes: Classify the following as a physical or a chemical change.
- Breaking a pencil
- Burning wood
- Water freezing
- Leaves changing color
- Frying an egg
- Recycling an aluminum can.
- Moisture in the air forms beads of water on a cold windowpane.
- An electric current changes water into hydrogen and oxygen.
- Yeast cells in bread dough make carbon dioxide and ethanol from sugar.
- Molten bronze is poured into a mold and solidifies to form a statue.

Scientific Measurements and Calculations

Units Conversions: Solve problems related to unit conversions (e.g., centigrams to grams, liters to kiloliters, nanoseconds to seconds, meters to kilometers).
Density Calculations: Calculate the density of a substance given mass and volume.
Significant Figures: Round numbers to the correct number of significant figures.
Dimensional Analysis: Calculate answers using dimensional analysis, such as converting units.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your understanding of basic chemistry concepts with this comprehensive review quiz covering states of matter, substances vs. mixtures, and energy types. You'll classify matter, memorize the periodic table elements, and differentiate physical and chemical properties. Great for reinforcing your foundational knowledge in chemistry!