Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following best describes the effect of a double bond on the rotation of a carbon molecule?
Which of the following best describes the effect of a double bond on the rotation of a carbon molecule?
- Has no impact on the molecule's rotation.
- Allows for free rotation, similar to a single bond.
- Increases the speed of rotation compared to a single bond.
- Significantly restricts rotation, creating a planar structure. (correct)
How does the presence of an amino group impact the pH of a solution?
How does the presence of an amino group impact the pH of a solution?
- It decreases the concentration of hydrogen ions, thus increasing the pH. (correct)
- It neutralizes the pH, bringing it to 7.
- It has no effect on the pH of the solution.
- It increases the concentration of hydrogen ions, thus lowering the pH.
If a carbon molecule has the structure $CH_3-C-CH_3$, while comparing it to the structure $C_2H_5-C-C_2H_5$, which difference is most likely to occur
If a carbon molecule has the structure $CH_3-C-CH_3$, while comparing it to the structure $C_2H_5-C-C_2H_5$, which difference is most likely to occur
- The structures are isomers of each other, but have no other structural differences.
- The first would be a stereoisomer while the second structure would be an enantiomer
- The structures are structural isomer of each other. (correct)
- The first structure is an enantiomer, and the second is a structural isomer.
Which functional group is likely to create a disulfide bridge when forming proteins?
Which functional group is likely to create a disulfide bridge when forming proteins?
What characteristic is most likely to make a molecule a hydrocarbon?
What characteristic is most likely to make a molecule a hydrocarbon?
Flashcards
Covalent bond
Covalent bond
A chemical bond formed by the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.
Isomers
Isomers
Molecules with the same chemical formula but different structural arrangements.
Carbonyl group
Carbonyl group
A functional group consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom.
Amino group
Amino group
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Sulfhydryl group
Sulfhydryl group
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Study Notes
Carbon
- Carbon has 4 valence electrons
- Carbon forms the backbone of many organic molecules
- Carbon-containing molecules are organic molecules
- Carbon forms covalent bonds
- Carbon bonding involves hybridization of orbitals
- Carbon forms different shapes depending on bonding (tetrahedral, trigonal planar, etc.)
Organic Molecules
- Organic molecules contain carbon
- Organic molecules show diverse structures and properties
- Different structures impact properties (e.g., isomers)
Bond Types
- Covalent bonds (sharing electrons)
- Single bonds allow for rotation
- Double bonds do not allow for rotation
- Triple bonds are linear
Isomers
- Isomers have the same chemical formula but different structures
- Structural isomers have different bonding arrangements
- Stereoisomers have different spatial arrangements around a central bond (geometric/cis-trans, enantiomers)
- Geometric isomers differ in the arrangement around a double bond (cis-trans)
- Enantiomers are mirror images of each other
Functional Groups
- Hydroxyl (-OH): polar covalent bond, hydrophilic, alcohols
- Carbonyl (C=O): aldehydes, ketones
- Carboxyl (-COOH): acids, increase acidity
- Amino (-NH2): bases, increase pH
- Sulfhydryl (-SH): cysteine, disulfides
- Methyl (—CH3): nonpolar, hydrophobic
- Phosphate (-PO4): reacts with water, energy transfer
Other Notes
- Silicon is in the same family as carbon but has different reactivity with oxygen
- Hydrocarbons are nonpolar molecules
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