Chemistry Basics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What type of reaction involves the rearrangement of atoms?

Physical reaction

Nuclear reaction

Chemical reaction (correct)

Electromagnetic reaction

All combustion reactions are endothermic.

False

What is the name of the theory that relates to reaction rates?

collision theory

The pH scale is used to distinguish between _, _, and neutral substances.

acidic, basic Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of chemical reactions with their definitions:

Combustion = A reaction involving the reaction of a substance with oxygen, resulting in heat and light Neutralisation = A reaction involving the reaction of an acid with a base, resulting in the formation of salt and water Precipitation = A reaction involving the formation of a solid from a solution Decomposition = A reaction involving the breakdown of a single compound into two or more simpler compounds Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the acid commonly known as vinegar?

CH3COOH Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process of predicting the formation of precipitates using solubility rules?

predicting the formation of precipitates Signup and view all the answers

All chemical reactions involve energy transfer.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the direction of electric current?

From positive to negative terminal Signup and view all the answers

All matter has electric charge.

True Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of measurement for electric current?

amperes (A) Signup and view all the answers

The total energy of a system is known as its ______________________ energy.

internal Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of circuits with their descriptions:

Series = Components connected one after the other Parallel = Components connected between same two points Series-parallel = Combination of series and parallel connections Signup and view all the answers

Entropy always decreases over time in a closed system.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the measure of average kinetic energy of particles?

Temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of measurement for heat?

joules (J) Signup and view all the answers

The rate of change of velocity is known as ______________________.

acceleration Signup and view all the answers

An object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion remains in motion, unless acted upon by an external force.

True Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Compounds and Chemical Formulas

Identify compounds using common names and chemical formulas
Recognize and name covalent and ionic compounds
Recognize and name common acids (HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, CH3COOH) and bases (NaOH, KOH, Ba(OH)2, Ca(OH)2)

Indicators and pH Scale

Indicators and pH scale can distinguish between acidic, basic, and neutral substances
pH scale measures acidity or basicity of a substance

Hydrocarbons

Alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes: know how to name and write chemical and structural formulas for C1-8

Polymers

Polymers are large molecules made up of repeating units called monomers

Chemical Reactions

Chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms
Law of conservation of mass: matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction
General equations for different types of chemical reactions:
- Combustion
- Reaction of acids with metals and carbonates
- Corrosion
- Precipitation
- Neutralization
- Decomposition
Write word and balanced chemical equations for each type of reaction

Solubility and Precipitation

Use solubility rules to predict the formation of precipitates

Energy Transfer in Reactions

Chemical reactions involve energy transfer
Reactions can be exothermic (release energy) or endothermic (absorb energy)
Combustion and respiration are exothermic reactions that occur at different rates

Factors Affecting Reaction Rates

Temperature: affects reaction rates
Concentration of reactants: affects reaction rates
Surface area: affects reaction rates
Agitation: affects reaction rates
Catalysts: affect reaction rates
Collision theory: relates to reaction rates

Electricity

Electric charge is a fundamental property of matter and comes in two types: positive and negative, with like charges repelling and opposite charges attracting.
Electric current is the flow of electric charge, measured in amperes (A), and flows from the positive to the negative terminal.
Resistance is the opposition to electric current, measured in ohms (Ω), and depends on the material, length, and cross-sectional area.
Circuits can be series, parallel, or series-parallel, with components connected one after the other, between the same two points, or a combination of both.
Ohm's Law relates voltage (V), current (I), and resistance (R) as V = I × R.

Thermodynamics

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles, measured in Kelvin (K) or Celsius (°C).
Heat is the transfer of energy from one body to another, measured in joules (J).
Internal energy is the total energy of a system, including kinetic, potential, and potential energy, measured in joules (J).
The Laws of Thermodynamics state that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted; total entropy of a closed system always increases over time; and as temperature approaches absolute zero, entropy approaches a minimum value.

Mechanics

Motion involves displacement (change in position), velocity (rate of change of displacement), and acceleration (rate of change of velocity).
Forces can be frictional, normal, gravitational, or tension forces, and cause objects to change their motion.
Newton's Laws state that an object at rest remains at rest, and an object in motion remains in motion, unless acted upon by an external force; force is equal to the rate of change of momentum; and every action has an equal and opposite reaction.

SUVAT

SUVAT equations are used to solve problems involving motion under constant acceleration.
The five SUVAT equations are: v = u + at, s = ut + (1/2)at^2, v^2 = u^2 + 2as, s = vt - (1/2)at^2, and a = (v - u) / t.
The variables used in SUVAT equations are displacement (s), initial velocity (u), final velocity (v), acceleration (a), and time (t).