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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a property of coinage metals like Cu, Ag, and Au?
What is the primary antidote for copper toxicity?
Which silver compound is specifically used as an eye antiseptic for newborns?
Which metal is considered the best conductor of electrical conductivity among the coinage metals?
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What is argyria?
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What type of dental alloy is Sterling made from?
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Which statement best describes the oligodynamic effect?
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Which copper alloy is made from copper and zinc?
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What is the primary role of calcium in the human body?
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Which compound is formed when calcium reacts with water?
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What is the solubility characteristic of calcium carbonate in water?
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Which statement is true regarding strontium's flame color during a test?
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How does Vitamin D affect calcium in the body?
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Which of the following compounds is used as a depilatory agent to remove hair from the skin?
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What is the primary use of calcium bromide?
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Which compound serves as an oral or rectal contrast medium for radiographic studies?
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Which of the following is known to have arole as a COâ‚‚ absorbent?
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What is the main application of strontium bromide?
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Which calcium compound is often combined with Vitamin D for better absorption?
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Which of the following compounds is used in the manufacturing of hydrogen peroxide?
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Which compound is indicated for use as an antiseptic related to silver deficiency?
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Study Notes
B2 Group 11A: The Alkaline Earth Metals
- Alkaline earth metals are bivalent with a charge of 2+.
- React with water to produce hydrogen gas and metal hydroxide: M + H2O → H2 + M(OH)2.
- React with hydrogen to form hydrides: M + H2 → MH2.
- Decomposition of metal hydroxides occurs upon heating: M(OH)2 + HEAT → MO + H2O.
- Hydroxide salts are less soluble in water compared to alkalis.
- Carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and fluoride salts are generally insoluble in water.
B2.1 Calcium
- Discovered by Sir Humphry Davy through electrolysis.
- Emits a brick-red flame in a non-luminous setting.
- Calcium ion (Ca^2+) is the second most abundant cation in extracellular fluid (ECF).
- Vital for nerve transmission, cardiac function, blood coagulation, and bone structure.
- Key calcium salts include amorphous chalk and crystalline limestone; used extensively in construction.
- Precipitated calcium carbonate serves as both an external dentifrice and internal antacid.
- Ringer's solution, an isotonic chloride solution, contains calcium, sodium, and potassium chlorides.
- Lactated Ringer's solution enhances calcium absorption by including sodium lactate.
- Commonly used calcium supplements.
- Vleminckx solution combines lime and sublimed sulfur, often used for acne treatment.
- Calcium’s effectiveness increases with Vitamin D for absorption enhancement.
B2.2 Strontium
- Isolated by Sir Humphry Davy through electrolysis.
- Occurs naturally in sulfate forms like barite and heavy spar.
- Produces a crimson-red flame in a non-luminous flame.
- Strontium ion is similar to calcium but is less toxic and has a milder effect.
B3 Group 1B: The Coinage Metals
- Coinage metals include copper (Cu), silver (Ag), and gold (Au).
- Recognized for ornamental and currency uses, often termed "noble metals."
- These metals occur in a free state in nature, are chemically inert, and oxidize slowly.
- They exhibit remarkable malleability and ductility.
- Silver has the highest electrical conductivity, followed by copper and gold.
- In terms of thermal conductivity, silver ranks first, gold second, and copper third.
- Possess an oligodynamic effect, showcasing a toxic impact on microbes.
B3.1 Copper
- Deficiency leads to Menke's Disease, while toxicity can cause Wilson's Disease (hepatolenticular degeneration).
- Antidotes for copper toxicity include British Anti-Lewisite (BAL) or dimercaprol, and Penicillamine.
- Common copper alloys include brass (Cu + Zn), bronze (Cu + Sn), German silver (Cu + Zn + Ni), and sterling (Cu + Ag).
B3.2 Silver
- Known as "Argentum" in Latin, silver is a lustrous white metal with the Ag+ ion.
- Acts as a protein precipitant and has antiseptic properties.
- Long-term use can lead to argyria, a condition characterized by skin discoloration.
- Various silver compounds serve as antiseptics and in treatments, such as silver nitrate for newborns and mild silver protein as a gentle astringent.
Applications and Uses of Metals
- Copper compounds are utilized as astringent antiseptics, while calcium compounds act as antacids and in disinfectants.
- Barium sulfate functions as a radiopaque contrast medium for medical imaging.
- Magnesium compounds serve as laxatives and cathartics, particularly magnesium sulfate (Epsom salt).
- For sedimentation, copper and strontium compounds can function as sedatives.
- Silver compounds are utilized for their antiseptic properties in various formulations.
- Barium compounds are used in pyrotechnics and as treatment for certain diseases.
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Description
Explore the properties, reactions, and solubility of alkaline earth metals in this chemistry quiz. Delve into the specifics of calcium and its pharmacological actions, including its role in nerve transmission. Perfect for students studying group chemistry concepts at an advanced level.
