Chemistry B2 Group 11A: Alkaline Earth Metals

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a property of coinage metals like Cu, Ag, and Au?

Occur free in nature

Malleable and ductile

Highly reactive with oxygen (correct)

Slowly oxidized in air

What is the primary antidote for copper toxicity?

Sodium bicarbonate

Penicillamine (correct)

British Anti-lewisite (BAL) (correct)

Calcium carbonate

Which silver compound is specifically used as an eye antiseptic for newborns?

Silver nitrate (correct)

Silver oxide

Silver bromide

Colloidal silver chloride

Which metal is considered the best conductor of electrical conductivity among the coinage metals?

Silver Signup and view all the answers

What is argyria?

A darkening of the skin from excessive use of silver preparations Signup and view all the answers

What type of dental alloy is Sterling made from?

Cu + Ag Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the oligodynamic effect?

It is the lethal effect of metals on bacteria. Signup and view all the answers

Which copper alloy is made from copper and zinc?

Brass Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of calcium in the human body?

Nerve transmission and blood coagulation Signup and view all the answers

Which compound is formed when calcium reacts with water?

CA(OH)2 Signup and view all the answers

What is the solubility characteristic of calcium carbonate in water?

Insoluble Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding strontium's flame color during a test?

Crimson red Signup and view all the answers

How does Vitamin D affect calcium in the body?

Increases calcium absorption Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds is used as a depilatory agent to remove hair from the skin?

Barium sulfide Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of calcium bromide?

Sedative Signup and view all the answers

Which compound serves as an oral or rectal contrast medium for radiographic studies?

Barium sulfate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is known to have arole as a CO₂ absorbent?

Silver oxide Signup and view all the answers

What is the main application of strontium bromide?

Sedative Signup and view all the answers

Which calcium compound is often combined with Vitamin D for better absorption?

Dibasic calcium phosphate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds is used in the manufacturing of hydrogen peroxide?

Barium oxide Signup and view all the answers

Which compound is indicated for use as an antiseptic related to silver deficiency?

Silver picrate Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

B2 Group 11A: The Alkaline Earth Metals

Alkaline earth metals are bivalent with a charge of 2+.
React with water to produce hydrogen gas and metal hydroxide: M + H2O → H2 + M(OH)2.
React with hydrogen to form hydrides: M + H2 → MH2.
Decomposition of metal hydroxides occurs upon heating: M(OH)2 + HEAT → MO + H2O.
Hydroxide salts are less soluble in water compared to alkalis.
Carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and fluoride salts are generally insoluble in water.

B2.1 Calcium

Discovered by Sir Humphry Davy through electrolysis.
Emits a brick-red flame in a non-luminous setting.
Calcium ion (Ca^2+) is the second most abundant cation in extracellular fluid (ECF).
Vital for nerve transmission, cardiac function, blood coagulation, and bone structure.
Key calcium salts include amorphous chalk and crystalline limestone; used extensively in construction.
Precipitated calcium carbonate serves as both an external dentifrice and internal antacid.
Ringer's solution, an isotonic chloride solution, contains calcium, sodium, and potassium chlorides.
Lactated Ringer's solution enhances calcium absorption by including sodium lactate.
Commonly used calcium supplements.
Vleminckx solution combines lime and sublimed sulfur, often used for acne treatment.
Calcium’s effectiveness increases with Vitamin D for absorption enhancement.

B2.2 Strontium

Isolated by Sir Humphry Davy through electrolysis.
Occurs naturally in sulfate forms like barite and heavy spar.
Produces a crimson-red flame in a non-luminous flame.
Strontium ion is similar to calcium but is less toxic and has a milder effect.

B3 Group 1B: The Coinage Metals

Coinage metals include copper (Cu), silver (Ag), and gold (Au).
Recognized for ornamental and currency uses, often termed "noble metals."
These metals occur in a free state in nature, are chemically inert, and oxidize slowly.
They exhibit remarkable malleability and ductility.
Silver has the highest electrical conductivity, followed by copper and gold.
In terms of thermal conductivity, silver ranks first, gold second, and copper third.
Possess an oligodynamic effect, showcasing a toxic impact on microbes.

B3.1 Copper

Deficiency leads to Menke's Disease, while toxicity can cause Wilson's Disease (hepatolenticular degeneration).
Antidotes for copper toxicity include British Anti-Lewisite (BAL) or dimercaprol, and Penicillamine.
Common copper alloys include brass (Cu + Zn), bronze (Cu + Sn), German silver (Cu + Zn + Ni), and sterling (Cu + Ag).

B3.2 Silver

Known as "Argentum" in Latin, silver is a lustrous white metal with the Ag+ ion.
Acts as a protein precipitant and has antiseptic properties.
Long-term use can lead to argyria, a condition characterized by skin discoloration.
Various silver compounds serve as antiseptics and in treatments, such as silver nitrate for newborns and mild silver protein as a gentle astringent.

Applications and Uses of Metals

Copper compounds are utilized as astringent antiseptics, while calcium compounds act as antacids and in disinfectants.
Barium sulfate functions as a radiopaque contrast medium for medical imaging.
Magnesium compounds serve as laxatives and cathartics, particularly magnesium sulfate (Epsom salt).
For sedimentation, copper and strontium compounds can function as sedatives.
Silver compounds are utilized for their antiseptic properties in various formulations.
Barium compounds are used in pyrotechnics and as treatment for certain diseases.

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Description

Explore the properties, reactions, and solubility of alkaline earth metals in this chemistry quiz. Delve into the specifics of calcium and its pharmacological actions, including its role in nerve transmission. Perfect for students studying group chemistry concepts at an advanced level.