Chemistry: Atoms, Elements, and Compounds
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Questions and Answers

What are the general physical properties of metals?

  • Liquid at room temperature, opaque, brittle, poor conductors of heat, poor conductors of electricity
  • Soft, dull, insulators of heat, poor conductors of electricity
  • Hard, shiny, malleable, good conductors of heat, good conductors of electricity, ductile, and strong (correct)
  • Transparent, flexible, non-malleable, poor conductors of heat, good conductors of electricity

    • What happens when you put a glowing splint in oxygen gas?

  • The splint turns red
  • The splint extinguishes
  • The splint continues to burn brighter (correct)
  • The splint ignites with a blue flame

    • Which group of elements are called the alkali metals?

  • Group 3
  • Group 7
  • Group 2
  • Group 1 (correct)

    • What type of solutions do non-metal oxides form when dissolved in water?

    <p>Acidic solutions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are transition metals located on the periodic table?

    <p>Left and middle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of elements are called the noble or inert gases?

    <p>Group 0 (group 8)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge of a neutron?

    <p>0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mass of an electron?

    <p>tiny</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Mendeleev do to fit atoms in the groups he wanted in the periodic table?

    <p>Moved some elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the atomic number defined as?

    <p>Number of protons in an atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the columns going down the periodic table called?

    <p>Groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the predominant type of element found on the periodic table?

    <p>Metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of elements is known to react violently with water?

    <p>Group 1 metals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of solution do metal oxides form when dissolved in water?

    <p>Alkaline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are transition metals located on the periodic table?

    <p>Between groups 2 and 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?

    <p>To speed up the reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general term for the elements in Group 0 (or Group 8) of the periodic table?

    <p>Noble or inert gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when you put a glowing splint in a gas to test if it is oxygen?

    <p>The splint continues to glow brightly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Mendeleev's periodic table differ from the early periodic table?

    <p>It was arranged in order of atomic number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mass number defined as?

    <p>The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sub-atomic particle is found within the nucleus of an atom?

    <p>Proton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the charge of an electron?

    <p>-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do compounds consist of?

    <p>Two or more elements chemically bonded together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of protons in an atom referred to as?

    <p>Atomic number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Physical Properties of Metals

    • Metals have characteristic physical properties such as high melting and boiling points, high density, and high thermal and electrical conductivity.

    Reaction with Oxygen

    • When a glowing splint is put in oxygen gas, it relights, indicating the presence of oxygen.

    Alkali Metals

    • The group of elements that are highly reactive and include lithium, sodium, potassium, and others are called alkali metals.

    Non-Metal Oxides

    • Non-metal oxides form acid solutions when dissolved in water.

    Transition Metals

    • Transition metals are located in the d-block of the periodic table, which includes groups 3-12.

    Noble Gases

    • The group of elements that are unreactive and include helium, neon, argon, and others are called noble or inert gases.

    Subatomic Particles

    • A neutron has no charge.
    • The mass of an electron is very small, approximately 1/1836 that of a proton.

    Mendeleev's Periodic Table

    • Mendeleev fit atoms in the groups he wanted in the periodic table by leaving gaps for undiscovered elements.

    Atomic Number and Mass Number

    • The atomic number is defined as the number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
    • The mass number is defined as the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus.

    Periodic Table Structure

    • The columns going down the periodic table are called groups.
    • The majority of elements on the periodic table are metals.

    Reactivity with Water

    • The alkali metals are known to react violently with water.

    Metal Oxides

    • Metal oxides form alkaline solutions when dissolved in water.

    Catalysts

    • The purpose of a catalyst in a chemical reaction is to speed up the reaction without being consumed by it.

    Group 0 Elements

    • The general term for the elements in Group 0 (or Group 8) of the periodic table is noble gases.

    Mendeleev's Contributions

    • Mendeleev's periodic table differed from the early periodic tables in that it was more accurate and predictive, and it included gaps for undiscovered elements.

    Atomic Structure

    • Protons, neutrons, and electrons are the three main types of sub-atomic particles found in an atom.
    • The charge of an electron is negative.

    Compounds

    • Compounds consist of two or more different elements chemically bonded together.

    Atomic Number

    • The number of protons in an atom is referred to as the atomic number.

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    Test your knowledge of chemistry basics including atoms, sub-atomic particles, elements, compounds, and the periodic table. Learn about the structure of atoms and the differences between elements and compounds.

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