Chemistry: Arrhenius and Bronsted-Lowry Concepts
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Questions and Answers

What is an Arrhenius acid?

  • A compound that donates a proton
  • A substance that accepts a proton
  • A compound that produces hydroxide ions (OH-)
  • A compound that produces hydrogen ions (H+) (correct)

    • What does an Arrhenius base produce when dissolved in water?

    hydroxide ions (OH-)

    What is a Bronsted-Lowry acid?

    substance that donates a proton to another substance

    What is a Bronsted-Lowry base?

    <p>substance that accepts a proton from another substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms when a base gains a proton?

    <p>conjugate acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What forms when an acid loses a proton?

    <p>conjugate base</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An acidic solution is defined as having a pH of 7.0.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for Hydrochloric Acid?

    <p>HCl</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for Nitric Acid?

    <p>HNO3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for Phosphoric Acid?

    <p>H3PO4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for Sulfuric Acid?

    <p>H2SO4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for Acetic Acid?

    <p>CH3COOH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for Ammonia?

    <p>NH3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for Sodium Hydroxide?

    <p>NaOH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical formula for Potassium Hydroxide?

    <p>KOH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Acids and Bases Overview

    • Arrhenius Acid: Produces hydrogen ions (H+) in aqueous solution. Can also be represented as hydronium ion (H3O+).
    • Arrhenius Base: Produces hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water.

    Bronsted-Lowry Theory

    • Bronsted-Lowry Acid: A substance that donates a proton to another substance.
    • Bronsted-Lowry Base: A substance that accepts a proton from another substance.

    Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs

    • Conjugate Acid: Formed when a base gains a proton.
    • Conjugate Base: Formed when an acid loses a proton.

    Acidic Solutions

    • Acidic Solution: Defined as having a pH less than 7.0.

    Common Acids

    • Hydrochloric Acid (HCl): A strong acid widely used in industrial processes.
    • Nitric Acid (HNO3): Strong acid commonly used in fertilizers and explosives.
    • Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4): Acid often used in soft drinks and as a rust remover.
    • Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4): Strong acid used in batteries and industrial applications.
    • Acetic Acid (CH3COOH): Main component of vinegar, used for culinary and preservation purposes.

    Common Bases

    • Ammonia (NH3): A compound that can act as a weak base, used in cleaning products and fertilizers.
    • Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH): Strong base used in soap making and drain cleaners.
    • Potassium Hydroxide (KOH): Strong base used in fertilizers and as an electrolyte in batteries.

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    Description

    This quiz covers key definitions of Arrhenius and Bronsted-Lowry acids and bases. Test your knowledge on how these compounds behave in aqueous solutions and their roles in acid-base chemistry. Perfect for chemistry students needing a quick review!

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