Chemistry: Acids, Bases, and Redox Reactions

Sour

False (B)

Antoine Lavoisier

<p>Hydrochloric acid (HCl) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Justus Von Liebig</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Give out hydrogen with a metal and neutralize a base to give a salt and water only.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>H+ and Cl-</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Oxonium ion (H3O+)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>hydronium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HNO3 + H2O -&gt; NO3- + H3O+ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A substance that produces hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water. They have a sour taste and react with metals.

A substance that accepts protons (H+) in a chemical reaction. They can neutralize acids.

A chemical compound formed by the reaction of an acid with a base. They are usually composed of a cation and an anion.

A chemical process involving the transfer of electrons between two species. One species is oxidized, losing electrons, while the other is reduced, gaining electrons.

A chemical reaction where a substance loses electrons and becomes more positive.

A chemical reaction where a substance gains electrons and becomes more negative.

A substance that causes oxidation in a chemical reaction by accepting electrons and being reduced itself.

A substance that causes reduction in a chemical reaction by donating electrons and being oxidized itself.

Acids that completely ionize in solution, releasing all their hydrogen ions (H+).

Acids that only partially ionize in solution, releasing only some of their hydrogen ions (H+).

A solution containing a high concentration of acid molecules.

A solution containing a low concentration of acid molecules.

A measure of the hydrogen ion concentration (H+) in a solution, ranging from 0 to 14.

A substance that donates protons (H+) in a chemical reaction. This definition is broader than the traditional definition of acids and can apply to reactions in non-aqueous solvents.

A substance that accepts protons (H+) in a chemical reaction. This definition is broader than the traditional definition of bases and can apply to reactions in non-aqueous solvents.

A substance that accepts a pair of electrons in a chemical reaction, forming a coordinate covalent bond.

A substance that donates a pair of electrons in a chemical reaction, forming a coordinate covalent bond.

A chemical process where an acid and a base react to form salt and water. The hydrogen ions from the acid combine with the hydroxide ions from the base to form water.

A type of covalent bond where both electrons shared in the bond come from the SAME atom. This forms a special bond often found when a Lewis acid and Lewis base react.

The force of attraction between molecules. These forces are weaker than the forces holding atoms together within a molecule, but they are still important in determining a substance's physical properties.

A substance that has NO definite shape or volume. Gases will take the shape and volume of their container.

A measure of the force exerted by a gas on the walls of its container, often expressed in units like atmospheres (atm) or pounds per square inch (psi).

The average kinetic energy of the molecules in a substance. It is a measure of how much the molecules are moving and is directly related to the temperature of the substance.

The amount of space a substance occupies. It can be measured in units such as liters (L) or cubic centimeters (cm3).

A substance that has a definite shape and volume. Liquids take the shape of their container but have a fixed volume.

A substance that has a definite shape and volume. Solids maintain their fixed shape and volume, regardless of their container.

The process of a substance changing from a liquid to a gas. This occurs when the temperature of the liquid increases and the molecules gain enough energy to overcome their intermolecular forces.

The process of a substance changing from a gas to a liquid. This occurs when the temperature of the gas decreases and the molecules lose enough energy to form bonds with each other.