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Chemical Thermodynamics: Excess Properties

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Chemical Thermodynamics: Excess Properties

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Questions and Answers

What is the relationship between the excess property change of mixing (DME) and the excess property (ME) according to the text?

DME is the derivative of ME with respect to composition

DME and ME are completely unrelated

DME is the integral of ME with respect to composition

DME and ME are the same thing (correct)

What is the relationship between the excess volume (VE) and the volume change of mixing (DV)?

VE and DV are independent of each other

VE is the derivative of DV with respect to composition

VE and DV are completely unrelated

VE and DV are the same thing (correct)

What is the purpose of studying excess properties according to the text?

To understand the behavior of chemical thermodynamics

To understand the behavior of real solutions

To understand the behavior of phase equilibria (correct)

To understand the behavior of ideal solutions

What is the definition of the excess property (ME) according to the text?

The difference between the property of a real solution and the property of an ideal solution Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the property change of mixing for a real solution (DM) and the property change of mixing for an ideal solution (DMid) according to the text?

DM is the difference between DMid and the excess property change of mixing (DME) Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the molar property of a solution (M) and the property of an ideal solution (Mid) according to the text?

M is the sum of Mid and the excess property (ME) Signup and view all the answers

What do excess properties represent in thermodynamics?

Deviations from ideal solution behavior Signup and view all the answers

How are excess Gibbs free energy and solution behavior related?

Positive deviation from ideality Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of excess properties in thermodynamics?

Quantifying deviations from ideal behavior Signup and view all the answers

When is a solution considered to exhibit a positive deviation from ideality?

When excess Gibbs free energy is positive Signup and view all the answers

How are excess functions different from property changes of mixing?

Property changes of mixing relate to activity coefficients Signup and view all the answers

What do partial molar excess functions represent in thermodynamics?

Deviations from ideal solution behavior Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Excess Properties in Thermodynamics

Excess properties in thermodynamic properties like enthalpy, internal energy, heat capacity, etc. do not represent new thermodynamic properties.
However, excess properties in entropy and entropy-related functions are different from property changes of mixing and represent new and useful quantities.

Definition of Excess Properties

Excess properties indicate the deviations from ideal solution behavior and are easily related to activity coefficients.
Excess properties can be positive or negative, depending on the deviation from ideality.

Partial Molar Excess Functions

The definition of partial molar excess functions is analogous to that of partial molar thermodynamic properties.
The partial molar excess property of component i is denoted by M.
The partial molar excess function can be written as A M-EM.

Excess Property Change of Mixing

The excess property change of mixing is defined as the difference between an actual property change of mixing and the property change of mixing calculated for an ideal solution.
The excess property change of mixing is denoted by DME.
DME is equal to the excess property ME.

Example of Excess Volume

The excess volume of a solution is denoted by VE.
VE is equal to the volume change of mixing DV, since ideal solution involves no volume change of mixing.
The excess volume of a solution and the volume change of mixing are the same.

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Description

Explore the concept of excess properties in chemical thermodynamics and their significance in the treatment of phase equilibria. Understand the difference between the property of a real solution and that of an ideal solution.