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Questions and Answers
What is the primary characteristic of a chemical reaction?
What is the primary characteristic of a chemical reaction?
Which equation represents a correct balanced symbol equation?
Which equation represents a correct balanced symbol equation?
In an exothermic reaction, energy is transferred to the surroundings which results in what change in temperature?
In an exothermic reaction, energy is transferred to the surroundings which results in what change in temperature?
What happens to mass during a chemical reaction according to the law of conservation of mass?
What happens to mass during a chemical reaction according to the law of conservation of mass?
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What type of reaction involves a substance breaking down into simpler substances usually requiring heat?
What type of reaction involves a substance breaking down into simpler substances usually requiring heat?
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Which fuel produces carbon dioxide and water when combusted?
Which fuel produces carbon dioxide and water when combusted?
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Which term describes substances that speed up a reaction without being consumed in the process?
Which term describes substances that speed up a reaction without being consumed in the process?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a physical change?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a physical change?
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What is the primary environmental concern associated with the combustion of fossil fuels?
What is the primary environmental concern associated with the combustion of fossil fuels?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding combustion?
Which of the following statements is true regarding combustion?
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Study Notes
Chemical Reactions
- A chemical reaction is the rearrangement of atoms to form new substances.
- Reactants are the starting materials, products are the final substances.
- Word equations use names of substances, symbol equations use formulas.
- Example: Copper + Oxygen → Copper Oxide (word equation) ; 2Cu + O₂ → 2CuO (symbol equation)
What Happens During a Reaction
- All chemical reactions involve an energy transfer.
- Endothermic Reactions: Energy is transferred from the surroundings to the reaction mixture. Reaction feels cold.
- Exothermic Reactions: Energy is transferred from the reaction mixture to the surroundings. Reaction feels hot.
- Examples of energy transfer: Thermal decomposition (heat needed for decomposition), Combustion (a fuel burning in oxygen).
Conservation of Mass
- In a chemical reaction, atoms are neither created nor destroyed.
- The total mass of the reactants equals the total mass of the products.
- Mass can appear to change if there is a gas involved (it escapes).
Types of Reactions
- Decomposition: A substance breaks down into simpler substances. Thermal decomposition specifically means it needs heating.
- Combustion: A substance reacts with oxygen to release heat. An example is burning fuels.
- Oxidation: A substance reacts with oxygen. Combustion is a type of oxidation reaction.
Speed of Reactions
- Reactions can be fast or slow.
- Catalysts speed up reactions without being used up.
Changes of State
- Changes of state (solid, liquid, gas) are physical changes, not chemical reactions. They are reversible. For example: water, ice, and steam are all water (H₂O) in different states.
Key Terms
- Balanced symbol equation: An equation where the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation.
- Catalyst: A substance that speeds up a reaction without being used up.
- Chemical reaction: A process that changes substances into new substances.
- Combustion: A chemical reaction with oxygen which releases energy as heat and light.
- Conservation of mass: The total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products.
- Decomposition: A reaction where a complex substance breaks down into simpler substances.
- Endothermic: A reaction that absorbs energy from the surroundings.
- Exothermic: A reaction that releases energy to the surroundings.
- Fossil fuel: A fuel formed from the remains of organisms over millions of years.
- Fuel: A substance that reacts with oxygen to release energy.
- Non-renewable: Resources that are used up faster than they are replaced.
- Oxidation: A reaction between a substance and oxygen.
- Physical change: A change in state or form of a substance without changing its chemical composition.
- Product: The substance(s) formed in a chemical reaction.
- Reactant: The substance(s) that react in a chemical reaction.
- Renewable: Resources that can be replenished.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamentals of chemical reactions, including the rearrangement of atoms, the distinction between reactants and products, and the concepts of endothermic and exothermic reactions. You'll also learn about the conservation of mass and how it applies to chemical equations. Test your understanding of these essential chemistry principles.
