Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following represents two general factors that determine the fate of a chemical reaction in the living cells?
Which of the following represents two general factors that determine the fate of a chemical reaction in the living cells?
Water held behind a dam would best reflect ____.
Water held behind a dam would best reflect ____.
All of the following have potential energy EXCEPT
All of the following have potential energy EXCEPT
According to the first law of thermodynamics
According to the first law of thermodynamics
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The amount of available energy that can be used to promote change or do work is called
The amount of available energy that can be used to promote change or do work is called
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Which of the following is TRUE for a reaction that has a ΔGATP?
Which of the following is TRUE for a reaction that has a ΔGATP?
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A chemical reaction that has a positive ΔG is correctly described as
A chemical reaction that has a positive ΔG is correctly described as
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Which of the following is TRUE for ALL exergonic reactions?
Which of the following is TRUE for ALL exergonic reactions?
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Which of the following statements is a logical consequence of the second law of thermodynamics?
Which of the following statements is a logical consequence of the second law of thermodynamics?
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Which of the following statements about enzymes is FALSE?
Which of the following statements about enzymes is FALSE?
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How does an enzyme work to catalyze a reaction?
How does an enzyme work to catalyze a reaction?
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Altering the 3-D structure of an enzyme might
Altering the 3-D structure of an enzyme might
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The primary function of an enzyme or any biological catalyst is to
The primary function of an enzyme or any biological catalyst is to
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How can one increase the rate of a chemical reaction?
How can one increase the rate of a chemical reaction?
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Which of the following statements regarding enzymes is true?
Which of the following statements regarding enzymes is true?
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Which of the following would best reflect the general steps of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?
Which of the following would best reflect the general steps of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?
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Which term most precisely describes the process of building larger molecules from smaller ones?
Which term most precisely describes the process of building larger molecules from smaller ones?
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Which of the following is NOT true of ATP?
Which of the following is NOT true of ATP?
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Which of the following statements about catabolic reactions is FALSE?
Which of the following statements about catabolic reactions is FALSE?
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Which of the statements is INCORRECT about the following reaction? Phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP -> Pyruvate + ATP
Which of the statements is INCORRECT about the following reaction? Phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP -> Pyruvate + ATP
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For the generalized equation Ae- + B -> A + Be-, where e- represents an electron. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
For the generalized equation Ae- + B -> A + Be-, where e- represents an electron. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
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Which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones?
Which term most precisely describes the cellular process of breaking down large molecules into smaller ones?
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Which of the following statements about feedback inhibition in metabolic pathways is most CORRECT?
Which of the following statements about feedback inhibition in metabolic pathways is most CORRECT?
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In the biochemical regulation of metabolic pathways, how would one overcome the effects of a competitive inhibitor on enzyme activity?
In the biochemical regulation of metabolic pathways, how would one overcome the effects of a competitive inhibitor on enzyme activity?
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Which of the following structures or molecular machines is important for protein degradation in eukaryotes?
Which of the following structures or molecular machines is important for protein degradation in eukaryotes?
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Which is the correct sequence of events for protein degradation in eukaryotes?
Which is the correct sequence of events for protein degradation in eukaryotes?
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Which two are primary complexes for protein synthesis and degradation in eukaryotes?
Which two are primary complexes for protein synthesis and degradation in eukaryotes?
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Study Notes
Chemical Reactions and Energy
- Two general factors that determine a chemical reaction's fate: direction and rate.
- Water behind a dam represents potential energy.
- All entities have potential energy except nitrogen.
Thermodynamics Principles
- First law of thermodynamics: energy cannot be created or destroyed.
- Free energy is the energy available to promote change or do work.
- A reaction with ΔG > 0 indicates a change in free energy.
Reaction Types
- A positive ΔG signifies an endergonic reaction.
- Exergonic reactions always result in a net release of free energy.
- Second law of thermodynamics dictates that every chemical reaction increases the universe's total entropy.
Enzymes and Catalysis
- Enzyme substrate binding usually occurs with high affinity (false that it binds with low affinity).
- Enzymes catalyze reactions by lowering energy barriers, facilitating the transition state.
- Changes in an enzyme's 3-D structure can prevent substrate binding to the active site.
- The primary role of an enzyme: reduce activation energy and speed up reactions.
- Adding a catalyst is a common method to increase the rate of chemical reactions.
Enzyme Mechanisms
- Enzyme-catalyzed reactions flow as: substrate binding → enzyme conformational change → conversion to products → product release.
- Anabolic processes involve building larger molecules from smaller precursors.
- It's not true that ATP production requires an exergonic reaction.
Catabolic Reactions
- Catabolic reactions typically release energy, not requiring an input of energy.
- Reaction for phosphoenolpyruvate and ADP is not anabolic, it is catabolic.
- In the equation involving electron transfer, molecule A is oxidized while molecule B is reduced.
Feedback Inhibition and Regulation
- Feedback inhibition in metabolic pathways features the product inhibiting its own production by affecting substrate binding.
- Overcoming competitive inhibition requires increasing substrate concentration.
Protein Synthesis and Degradation
- Proteasomes play a crucial role in protein degradation in eukaryotic cells.
- Sequence of protein degradation: ubiquitin binds → targeted protein sent to proteasome → unfolds → digested → amino acids released for recycling.
- Primary complexes for protein synthesis and degradation in eukaryotes are ribosomes and proteasomes.
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Description
Test your knowledge on chemical reactions, energy principles, and thermodynamics. This quiz covers key concepts such as endergonic and exergonic reactions, the laws of thermodynamics, and the role of enzymes in catalysis. Challenge yourself to better understand how these fundamental ideas interconnect in chemistry.
