75 Questions
What is the first step in balancing a chemical equation?
Converting a word chemical equation into a formula
Which type of reaction absorbs heat from the surroundings?
Endothermic reactions
What is the fundamental quantity used to explain endothermic and exothermic reactions?
Enthalpy
Which type of particles contain the least amount of kinetic energy?
Solid particles
How are gas particles described in terms of their motion according to the Kinetic Molecular Theory?
They move randomly and have no attraction toward other gas molecules or their container
What is the key factor to identify whether a process is endothermic or exothermic?
Temperature change of the immediate surroundings
Which law describes the relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas at constant temperature?
Boyle's law
In which phase do molecules have little to no attraction between each other?
Gas phase
What group do the noble gases belong to in the periodic table?
Group 18
Which property of the noble gases increases as you go down the group?
Atomic radius
What is a common physical property of noble gases?
Low boiling points
Which statement is true about the chemical formulas of compounds?
They display the ratio of atoms from different elements
What do molecules contain?
Atoms bonded together that can be from the same or different elements
Which type of formula shows the simplest ratio of atoms in a chemical compound?
Empirical formula
Why are noble gases often used in light sources?
Because they are nonflammable
Which noble gases are used in the medical industry?
Xenon and radon
What is the main characteristic of noble gases?
They have a complete outer valence of electrons
What does the molecular formula represent?
The ratio of atoms present in a compound
What is the equation used to measure the rate of a chemical reaction?
Change in concentration divided by time
How does increasing the concentration of reactants affect the rate of a reaction?
Speeds up the rate by providing more molecules to collide
What happens to the rate of a reaction when you lower the concentration of reactants?
It decreases
How does increasing the available surface area of reactants affect the rate of a reaction?
Increases the rate by providing more space for molecules to collide
What role does a catalyst play in a chemical reaction?
Catalysts speed up reactions by lowering activation energy
According to Antoine Lavoisier's work, what happens to mass during a chemical reaction?
Mass neither created nor destroyed
What is defined as a boundary in a System-Surroundings setup?
The perimeter that separates a System from its Surroundings
Which type of system allows movement of matter and energy across its boundary?
Open System
What does a balanced chemical equation ensure according to the law of conservation of matter?
Equal number of atoms for each element on reactant and product side
What does the presence of a catalyst do in terms of activation energy?
Lowers activation energy needed at start of reaction
Which type of formula includes the subscripts representing how many of certain atoms from an element occur within a group?
Condensed formula
What type of change only alters the way something looks, not its identity?
Physical change
What is required to be met in order for a reaction to go to completion?
Activation energy requirements
What are the signals that show a chemical reaction is likely taking place?
Color changes
Which of the following is an example of a physical change?
Skin tanning
What happens in cellular respiration?
Glucose is converted into energy molecules and waste products
Which process involves using a forced electric current through a solution to catalyze a reaction to oxidize/reduce?
Electrolysis
When do chemical reactions occur according to collision theory?
When molecules collide
What determines whether a chemical reaction has taken place or not?
The products in relation to the reactants
What is the difference between condensed and structural formulas?
Condensed formulas do not show bonds while structural formulas do
What characteristic of noble gases allows them to be used in the creation of light sources?
Complete outer valence of electrons
Which property of noble gases decreases as you go down the group?
Melting points
What type of formulas show the simplest ratio of atoms from different elements in a chemical compound?
Empirical formulas
In which group of the periodic table are the noble gases located?
Group 18
What do chemical compounds contain?
Atoms bonded together
What type of formulas use subscripts to represent the number of atoms of each element in a compound?
Molecular formulas
Which of the following is a characteristic of noble gases?
Complete outer valence of electrons
What is the molecular formula used to represent in a chemical compound?
Symbols of elements and number of atoms present in each compound
What do molecules contain?
Atoms bonded together
Which formula type represents the simplest ratio of atoms in a chemical compound?
Empirical formulas
What is the equation used to measure the rate of a chemical reaction?
Change in concentration divided by time
What does a catalyst do in terms of activation energy?
Decreases the activation energy required
What is the main role of closed systems in chemistry?
To prevent any movement across its boundary
What determines whether a chemical reaction has taken place or not?
A change in mass
In a System-Surroundings setup, what does the Boundary of a System separate?
System from Surroundings
What is the key characteristic of noble gases?
Complete valence electron shells
In calorimetry, what do closed containers known as calorimeters evaluate?
Changes in energy of a system
What replaced the phlogiston theory regarding the mass changes during burning?
'The law of conservation of matter'
What is an Open System defined by?
A boundary permitting both matter and energy movement across it
What do noble gases have that contributes to their stability?
Complete valence electron shells
Which type of formula includes drawing lines between atoms to show bonds?
Structural formula
What characteristic distinguishes condensed formulas from structural formulas?
Condensed formulas include subscripts representing atom counts
What is the main difference between a physical change and a chemical change?
Chemical changes alter the chemical properties of substances
Which chemical reaction type is crucial for breaking down glucose into usable energy molecules?
Digestion
What signals indicate a chemical reaction is likely taking place?
Formation of gas bubbles and a color change
Which chemical reaction example involves using oxygen to change a fuel into usable energy?
Combustion
What happens to the chemical composition of products in a chemical reaction?
It is entirely new compared to reactants
'Collision theory' explains that chemical reactions occur due to the collisions of:
Molecules of each reactant
'Activation energy requirements must be met in order for a reaction to go to completion' implies that:
'Activation energy' prompts the reaction to start and continue
'Cellular respiration is absolutely necessary for all life processes.' This statement implies that:
'Cellular respiration' is vital for energy production in living organisms
What is the first step to balancing a chemical equation?
Change a word chemical equation into a formula
Which type of reaction absorbs heat from the surroundings?
Melting of ice
What is the main role of a catalyst in a chemical reaction?
Lowers the activation energy barrier
What is true about gas particles according to the Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT)?
They move in random, constant motion
What describes the motion of solid particles according to the Kinetic Molecular Theory?
Very little kinetic energy and strong attractive forces
Which law describes the relationship between pressure and volume of a gas at constant temperature?
Boyle's Law (P1V1=P2V2)
"Endothermic processes make the surroundings cooler". Why is this statement true?
"Endothermic processes absorb heat"
Test your knowledge on the factors that affect the rate of a chemical reaction. Learn about temperature, concentration, surface area, and catalysts in reactions.
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