General Chemistry 2 - First Semester (2nd Periodical)

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the correct expression for the rate law of a chemical reaction?

  • Rate = k [A]ˣ/[B]ʸ
  • Rate = k [A]ˣ[B]ʸ/C
  • Rate = k [A]ˣ[B]ʸ (correct)
  • Rate = k [A]ˣ[B]ʸ²

What does the value of x and y represent in the rate law expression?

  • The activation energy of the reaction
  • The rate constant of the reaction
  • The order of the reaction with respect to reactants A and B (correct)
  • The stoichiometric coefficients of reactants A and B

How can the values of x and y be determined experimentally?

  • By measuring the activation energy of the reaction
  • By comparing the initial rates of the reaction with different concentrations of reactants A and B (correct)
  • By monitoring the change in pH of the solution
  • By calculating the rate constant of the reaction

What is the rate constant of a reaction?

<p>The specific rate of reaction dependent on the kind of reaction and temperature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors can affect the rate of a chemical reaction?

<p>Activation energy, nature of reactants, catalysts, and temperature (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct expression for the rate law of the hypothetical reaction A(g) + 3B(g) ---> products?

<p>Rate = k [A]ˣ[B]ʸ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of x in the rate law expression for the hypothetical reaction A(g) + 3B(g) ---> products?

<p>2 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of y in the rate law expression for the hypothetical reaction A(g) + 3B(g) ---> products?

<p>1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the rate constant (k) for the hypothetical reaction A(g) + 3B(g) ---> products?

<p>2.5x10⁶ M-²/min (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following observable properties can be used to determine the rate of a chemical reaction?

<p>Color change during the reaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct expression for the rate law of the hypothetical reaction A(g) + 3B(g) ightarrow ext{products}?$

<p>Rate = k[A]ˣ[B]ʸ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of x in the rate law expression for the hypothetical reaction A(g) + 3B(g) ightarrow ext{products}?$

<p>2 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of y in the rate law expression for the hypothetical reaction A(g) + 3B(g) ightarrow ext{products}?$

<p>1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which formula is used to calculate the Gibbs free energy?

<p>ΔG = ΔH - TΔS (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a negative value of ΔG indicate?

<p>The process is spontaneous (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of ΔG at 298 K (25°C) in the given example?

<p>-21.68 kJ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of ΔG at 2000 K in the given example?

<p>42.67 kJ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between entropy (S) and the second law of thermodynamics?

<p>Spontaneous processes occur with an increase in entropy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the given information, which of the following is the correct expression for the Gibbs free energy?

<p>$ΔG = ΔH - TΔS$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Based on the given example, what is the value of ΔH for the reaction?

<p>-41.17 kJ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the given information, at what temperature (in K) is the reaction spontaneous?

<p>298 K (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct equilibrium constant expression for the reaction between gaseous sulfur dioxide and oxygen?

<p>$K = \frac{[SO_3]^2}{[SO_2]^2[O_2]}$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the equilibrium concentrations of SO₂, O₂, and SO₃ in the given reaction mixture?

<p>$[SO_2] = 3.0×10^{-3}M, [O_2] = 3.5×10^{-3}M, [SO_3] = 5.0×10^{-2}M$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equilibrium constant, K, for the given reaction mixture?

<p>$K = 5.8×10^3$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equilibrium constant, Kp, for the given reaction mixture at 800 K?

<p>$Kp = K(RT)^{\Delta n}$ (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equilibrium concentration of acetic acid, CH₃COOH, in the given reaction mixture?

<p>$[CH_3COOH] = 0.333 M$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct equilibrium constant expression for the reaction between gaseous sulfur dioxide and oxygen?

<p>K = [SO₂][O₂]/[SO₃] (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equilibrium constant, K, for the given reaction mixture at 800 K?

<p>K = 1.67 × 10⁻⁴ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equilibrium concentration of acetic acid, CH₃COOH, in the given reaction mixture?

<p>0.333 M (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the value of ΔG at 298 K (25°C) in the given example?

<p>ΔG = -RTlnK (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a negative value of ΔG indicate?

<p>The reaction is spontaneous (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct equilibrium constant expression for the reaction between gaseous sulfur dioxide and oxygen?

<p>[K = \frac{{[SO_3]^2}},{{[SO_2]^2[O_2]}}] (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equilibrium constant, K, for the given reaction mixture at 800 K?

<p>[K = \frac{{(0.667)^2}},{{(0.333)^2(0.333)}}] (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equilibrium concentration of acetic acid, CH₃COOH, in the given reaction mixture?

<p>0.333 M (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equilibrium concentration of ethanol, C₂H₅OH, in the given reaction mixture?

<p>0.333 M (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equilibrium concentration of ethyl acetate, C₂H₅OOCCH₃, in the given reaction mixture?

<p>0.667 M (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct equilibrium constant expression for the reaction between gaseous sulfur dioxide and oxygen at 800 K?

<p>[K = \frac{{[SO₂]^2[O₂]}},{{[SO₃]^2}}] (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equilibrium constant, K, for the reaction between gaseous sulfur dioxide and oxygen at 800 K, based on the given equilibrium concentrations?

<p>[K = 2.86 \times 10^{-2}] (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equilibrium constant, Kp, for the reaction between gaseous sulfur dioxide and oxygen at 800 K, based on the given equilibrium concentrations?

<p>[Kp = 5.0 \times 10^{-2}] (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Rate Law Expression

  • The rate law expression for a chemical reaction is: rate = k[A]^x[B]^y
  • x and y represent the exponents of reactants A and B, respectively, which determine the reaction rate
  • The values of x and y can be determined experimentally by measuring the reaction rate at different concentrations of reactants

Rate Constant

  • The rate constant (k) is a constant that depends on the reaction mechanism and is independent of reactant concentrations
  • The rate constant is specific to a particular reaction and temperature

Factors Affecting Reaction Rate

  • The rate of a chemical reaction can be affected by factors such as temperature, concentration, surface area, and catalysts

Hypothetical Reaction A(g) + 3B(g) ---> products

  • The rate law expression for this reaction is: rate = k[A]^x[B]^y
  • The value of x in the rate law expression is unknown and must be determined experimentally
  • The value of y in the rate law expression is unknown and must be determined experimentally

Determining Reaction Rate

  • Observable properties such as changes in concentration, pressure, or color can be used to determine the rate of a chemical reaction

Gibbs Free Energy

  • The formula to calculate the Gibbs free energy is: ΔG = ΔH - TΔS
  • A negative value of ΔG indicates that the reaction is spontaneous
  • The value of ΔG at 298 K (25°C) and 2000 K can be calculated using the given formula

Entropy and Second Law of Thermodynamics

  • Entropy (S) is related to the disorder or randomness of a system
  • The second law of thermodynamics states that the total entropy of a closed system will always increase over time

Equilibrium Constant Expression

  • The equilibrium constant expression for the reaction between gaseous sulfur dioxide and oxygen is: K = [SO₃]^2 / [SO₂]^2[O₂]
  • The equilibrium constant expression for the reaction between gaseous sulfur dioxide and oxygen at 800 K is: Kp = (P_SO₃)^2 / (P_SO₂)^2(P_O₂)

Equilibrium Concentrations

  • The equilibrium concentrations of SO₂, O₂, and SO₃ in the given reaction mixture can be calculated using the equilibrium constant expression
  • The equilibrium concentration of acetic acid, CH₃COOH, in the given reaction mixture can be calculated using the equilibrium constant expression
  • The equilibrium concentration of ethanol, C₂H₅OH, and ethyl acetate, C₂H₅OOCCH₃, in the given reaction mixture can be calculated using the equilibrium constant expression

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