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Questions and Answers
What is the correct name for the compound PCl3?
What is the correct name for the compound PCl3?
Which prefix would be correctly used for a compound containing six atoms of a given element?
Which prefix would be correctly used for a compound containing six atoms of a given element?
What is the general rule for naming binary molecular compounds?
What is the general rule for naming binary molecular compounds?
Which of the following compounds is an example of an ionic compound?
Which of the following compounds is an example of an ionic compound?
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How would you write the formula for a binary ionic compound formed from lithium and chlorine?
How would you write the formula for a binary ionic compound formed from lithium and chlorine?
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What charge do elements in Group VII A typically form?
What charge do elements in Group VII A typically form?
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In a binary ionic compound, how is the second element typically named?
In a binary ionic compound, how is the second element typically named?
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What does the prefix 'di-' indicate in the naming of a molecular compound?
What does the prefix 'di-' indicate in the naming of a molecular compound?
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What is the definition of a polyatomic ion?
What is the definition of a polyatomic ion?
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Which of the following is an example of a polyatomic ion?
Which of the following is an example of a polyatomic ion?
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What does a molecular formula provide?
What does a molecular formula provide?
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How is an empirical formula defined?
How is an empirical formula defined?
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Which structure provides a graphic representation of atoms in a compound?
Which structure provides a graphic representation of atoms in a compound?
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What is the correct formula for potassium chloride?
What is the correct formula for potassium chloride?
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What type of compounds are usually formed from nonmetals that share electrons?
What type of compounds are usually formed from nonmetals that share electrons?
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When naming binary ionic compounds, what suffix is typically used for the anion?
When naming binary ionic compounds, what suffix is typically used for the anion?
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Which of the following represents an empirical formula for hydrogen peroxide?
Which of the following represents an empirical formula for hydrogen peroxide?
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How is calcium nitrate represented in its chemical formula?
How is calcium nitrate represented in its chemical formula?
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Which ion is NOT an example of a common polyatomic ion?
Which ion is NOT an example of a common polyatomic ion?
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What does the Roman numeral indicate in the name of a compound like iron (II) chloride?
What does the Roman numeral indicate in the name of a compound like iron (II) chloride?
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If an anion name ends in '-ite,' what suffix is used to name the corresponding acid?
If an anion name ends in '-ite,' what suffix is used to name the corresponding acid?
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What is the chemical formula for aluminum oxide?
What is the chemical formula for aluminum oxide?
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What is the formula for calcium carbonate based on its ionic components?
What is the formula for calcium carbonate based on its ionic components?
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Study Notes
Chemical Formulas
- Chemical formulas represent the atoms of elements in a molecular or ionic compound.
- Formulas show the exact number of each type of atom in a molecule or compound.
Polyatomic Ions
- Polyatomic ions are tightly bound groups of atoms that behave as a unit and carry a charge.
- Examples include SO32-, NO2-, and ClO2-.
- Common polyatomic ions include ammonium (NH4+), acetate (CH3COO- or C2H3O2-), carbonate (CO32-), phosphate (PO43-), hydroxide (OH-), sulfate (SO42-), and sulfite (SO32-), nitrate (NO3-), nitrite (NO2-), hypochlorite (ClO-), chlorite (ClO2-), chlorate (ClO3-), perchlorate (ClO4-), and cyanide (CN-).
Molecular Compounds
- Molecular compounds are composed of molecules in which elements share electrons (covalent bonding).
- They are typically composed of two nonmetals.
- Examples include CS2, SiO2, and BF3.
Binary Molecular Compounds
- Binary compounds contain two elements.
- Molecular compounds are composed of nonmetals.
- No ionic charges are present.
- Prefixes are used to represent the number of atoms present in the molecule.
Covalent Prefixes
- Mono (no prefix): 1
- Di: 2
- Tri: 3
- Tetra: 4
- Penta: 5
- Hexa: 6
- Hepta: 7
- Octa: 8
- Nona: 9
- Deca: 10
Naming Binary Molecular Compounds
- Use prefixes to indicate the number of atoms.
- Example: CO2 is carbon dioxide.
Naming Binary Ionic Compounds
- Cations (positive ions) are written first.
- Anions (negative ions) are written second.
- Use the names of the elements when naming ions. End anions with "-ide".
Writing Formulas for Ionic Compounds
- If charges cancel, just write the symbols (eg. Na+1 Cl-1 = NaCl)
- If charges don't cancel, criss-cross the charges. (e.g Ca+2 Cl-1 = CaCl2)
Ternary Ionic Compounds
- Contain three different elements.
- Often include polyatomic ions.
Naming with Transition Metals (Stock System)
- The Roman numeral indicates the charge of the metal.
- Example: Copper (I) oxide.
Naming with Transition Metals (Classical System)
- Uses "-ous" to represent smaller charges and "-ic" to represent larger charges on the transition metal.
Anion-Containing Acids
- If the anion ends in "-ide," add "hydro-" before the anion root and "-ic" as a suffix (e.g., chloride → hydrochloric acid).
- If the anion ends in "-ate", replace "-ate" with "-ic" (e.g., phosphate → phosphoric acid).
- If the anion ends in "-ite", replace "-ite" with "-ous" (e.g., sulfite → sulfurous acid)
Types of Formulas
- Molecular formula: shows the exact number of each type of atom in a molecule.
- Empirical formula: shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms.
- Structural formula: shows the graphic representation of the atoms and their arrangement in a compound.
Ionic Compound Examples
- Examples include NaCl, CaBr2, and KI.
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Description
Explore the world of chemical formulas and polyatomic ions through this informative quiz. Learn how chemical formulas represent atoms in molecular and ionic compounds and discover various examples of polyatomic ions. Test your understanding of these essential chemistry concepts.
