Topic 3, Chapter 3.2, Part 2

Which characteristic of magma is most closely associated with effusive volcanic eruptions?

Pyroclastic flows are more commonly associated with volcanoes that erupt magma with low silica content.

What is the primary factor that determines whether a volcanic eruption will be explosive or effusive?

The 2010 eruption of Mount Merapi in Indonesia caused death and widespread damage due to highly destructive ______ flows.

Match the volcanic hazard with its primary contributing factor:

Which characteristic of magma is most associated with violent volcanic eruptions?

Eruptions with low-silica magma are typically associated with pyroclastic flows and widespread devastation.

What type of secondary hazard is most directly linked to the availability of surface and groundwater during or after a volcanic eruption?

The 2016 Kilauea eruption in Hawaii, characterized by ______ magma, resulted in significant property damage but relatively few injuries.

If a volcano, irrespective of its magma composition, is located in a region with substantial snow and ice cover and is entering a period of increased volcanic activity, which of the following represents the most critical immediate risk to nearby communities?

How does an increase in the availability of surface and groundwater affect the likelihood and impact of lahars in volcanic regions?

During a volcanic eruption, what role does groundwater play in the formation of lahars?

What hydrometeorological factor significantly contributed to the severity of lahars following the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption?

Which of the following describes the most direct impact of lahars on communities located near a volcano?

Consider a scenario where a volcano is located in a region experiencing both heavy rainfall and rapid snowmelt. What is the most likely primary consequence?

How does the chemical composition of magma indirectly affect earthquake risks?

The availability of surface and ground water does not influence the severity of damage from earthquakes.

What geological phenomenon can occur in water-saturated soil during an earthquake, leading to increased damage?

Disaster risks from seismic activity are not _______ across different locations, due to variations in factors such as water availability and local soil conditions.

Imagine two locations with identical building structures. Location A is situated on dry, compact soil, while Location B is on water-saturated, loose soil. If an earthquake of equal magnitude strikes both locations, which area would likely experience more severe damage, and why?