Chemical Bonding Overview

The force exerted by the gas particles on the walls of a container. It's measured in units like kPa, atm, or mmHg.

The amount of space a gas occupies. It's typically measured in liters (L) or cubic meters (m³).

The average kinetic energy of the gas particles. It's measured in Kelvin (K).

The amount of gas present in a container, measured in moles (mol).

A tool that measures atmospheric pressure.

States that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume when temperature is kept constant. This means if you decrease the volume of a gas, the pressure will increase proportionally.

States that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature when pressure is kept constant. This means if you increase the temperature of a gas, its volume will increase proportionally.

States that the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature when volume is kept constant. This means if you increase the temperature of a gas, its pressure will increase proportionally.

A process where a neutral molecule reacts with water to form ions.

A homogeneous mixture where one substance (solute) is dissolved in another (solvent).

The process of surrounding solute particles with solvent molecules, leading to the formation of a solution.

The point at which a solution cannot dissolve any more solute at a given temperature. Adding more solute will result in undissolved solid.

A solution with a specific, known concentration of solute.

A solution with high concentration of solute.

The ability of a substance (solute) to dissolve in a specific solvent (usually water) at a given temperature.

A solution where the maximum amount of solute has dissolved at a given temperature.

Gas molecules are always in motion, moving linearly until they collide with other molecules or the container walls.

In ideal gas behavior, collisions between gas particles are perfectly elastic, meaning no energy is lost during the collision.

The volume of individual gas particles is insignificant compared to the total volume of the gas.

Ideal gas molecules don't attract or repel each other. They act as if they're independent particles.

The average speed and kinetic energy of gas particles increase as the temperature of the gas increases.

The Ideal Gas Law relates pressure (P), volume (V), number of moles (n), and temperature (T) of an ideal gas. It's represented by the equation PV = nRT.

Real gases deviate from ideal gas behavior under certain conditions, especially at high pressures and low temperatures.

Real gases experience intermolecular forces, and the volume of their particles becomes more significant at high pressures. These factors cause deviations from ideal gas behavior.

A solution containing more solute than can dissolve at a given temperature.

A chemical compound that releases hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.

A chemical compound that releases hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water.

The measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in a solution. Lower pH means more acidic, higher pH means more basic.

A chemical reaction in which an acid and a base react to form salt and water.

A substance that ionizes completely or nearly completely in solution.

A substance that ionizes only partially in solution.

Pressure is the force exerted by gas particles on the walls of a container. It's measured in units like kPa, atm, or mmHg.

Volume refers to the amount of space a gas occupies. It's typically measured in liters (L) or cubic meters (m³).

Temperature reflects the average kinetic energy of the gas particles, essentially how much they're moving. Measured in Kelvin (K).

The number of moles of gas (n) represents the amount of gas present in a container. Measured in moles (mol).

Boyle's Law states that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume when the temperature stays the same. This means if you decrease the volume of a gas, the pressure will increase proportionally.

Charles's Law states that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature when pressure remains constant. If you increase the temperature, the volume expands proportionally.

Gay-Lussac's Law states that the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature when volume is kept constant. If you increase the temperature, the gas pressure will increase proportionally.

A barometer is a tool used to measure atmospheric pressure. It works by balancing the pressure of the atmosphere against a column of fluid, typically mercury.

The process of identifying ions by their flame color or the color of their aqueous solution.

The process by which an ionic compound separates into its ions when dissolved in water.

Gases expand to fill any container they are placed in because their particles move randomly and independently.

The density of gases is very low compared to liquids and solids because their particles are spread far apart.

Real gases deviate from ideal behavior at high pressures and low temperatures due to intermolecular forces and the volume of their particles.