CHEM311 Chapter 17: Glucose Metabolism and Citric Acid Cycle
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Questions and Answers

What is the breakdown of macromolecules to produce energy referred to as?

  • Anabolism
  • Metabolism
  • Catabolism (correct)
  • Glycolysis

    • What is the primary function of ATP in the cell?

  • To synthesize macromolecules
  • To store genetic information
  • To replicate DNA
  • To provide energy for cellular functions (correct)

    • What type of bond joins the first phosphoryl group to the 5-carbon sugar ribose in ATP?

  • Glycosidic bond
  • Peptide bond
  • Phosphoanhydride bond
  • Phosphoester bond (correct)

    • What is the sequence of metabolic reactions referred to as?

    <p>Metabolic pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of glycolysis in the cell?

    <p>To break down glucose to produce energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the sum of all reactions in a cell?

    <p>Metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of phosphoryl groups that can be attached to ATP?

    <p>One, two, or three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the energy conversion strategy that oxidizes glucose?

    <p>Cellular energy conversion strategy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecule that is composed of a nitrogenous base, 5-carbon sugar, and one, two, or three phosphoryl groups?

    <p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Stage I in catabolism?

    <p>To degrade food molecules into component subunits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end product of glycolysis?

    <p>Pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary energy source readily used by the body?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of pancreatic amylase in Stage I of catabolism?

    <p>To break down polysaccharides into monosaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of pyruvate after it is formed in glycolysis?

    <p>It has one of several fates, including being converted to acetyl CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of bile salts in the digestion of fats?

    <p>To disperse fat globules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Acetyl CoA in the citric acid cycle?

    <p>It carries acetyl groups, 2-carbon remnants of the nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which electrons and hydrogen atoms are harvested from Acetyl CoA?

    <p>The citric acid cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of glycolysis in cellular metabolism?

    <p>To extract energy from nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following enzymes is NOT a site of allosteric control in glycolysis?

    <p>Phosphoglucose isomerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of pyruvate in the presence of oxygen in yeast?

    <p>Converted to acetaldyde and then to ethanol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of recycling NAD+ in glycolysis?

    <p>To prevent a decrease in oxidation reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of pyruvate in the presence of oxygen in mammals?

    <p>Converted to CO2 + H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the conversion of pyruvate to CO2 + H2O in the presence of oxygen?

    <p>Pyruvate is transported to the mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the byproduct of the complete oxidation of pyruvate to CO2 + H2O?

    <p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which condition is pyruvate converted to lactic acid in mammals?

    <p>Anaerobic conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the citric acid cycle in the complete oxidation of pyruvate to CO2 + H2O?

    <p>To generate NADH and FADH2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of pyruvate in the absence of oxygen in yeast?

    <p>Converted to acetaldyde and then to ethanol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA?

    <p>Pyruvate dehydrogenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of catabolism in cellular metabolism?

    <p>Breaking down macromolecules to produce energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the molecule that serves as the universal energy currency in cells?

    <p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the sequence of metabolic reactions in a cell?

    <p>Pathway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ATP in the cell?

    <p>Providing energy for cellular functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of breaking down glucose to produce energy referred to as?

    <p>Glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the sum of all reactions in a cell?

    <p>Metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy conversion strategy that oxidizes glucose?

    <p>Cellular respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bond that joins the first phosphoryl group to the 5-carbon sugar ribose in ATP?

    <p>Phosphoester bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the breakdown of macromolecules to produce energy referred to as?

    <p>Catabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of energy that the body readily uses?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Stage I in catabolism?

    <p>To degrade food molecules into component subunits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the conversion of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate in glycolysis?

    <p>Pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of pancreatic amylase in the digestion of carbohydrates?

    <p>To break down polysaccharides into monosaccharides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Stage 2 in catabolism?

    <p>To convert monomers into a form that can be completely oxidized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of the acetyl group in the citric acid cycle?

    <p>It is oxidized to produce CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of serine proteases in the digestion of proteins?

    <p>To break down proteins into amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of glycolysis in the cell?

    <p>To convert glucose into energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of bile salts in the digestion of fats?

    <p>To disperse fat globules into fatty acids and glycerol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following enzymes does not exhibit a large decrease in free energy during glycolysis?

    <p>Lactate dehydrogenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for recycling NAD+ in glycolysis?

    <p>To prevent a decrease in oxidation reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end product of pyruvate metabolism in yeast under anaerobic conditions?

    <p>Ethanol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following reactions is not a site of allosteric control in glycolysis?

    <p>Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the conversion of pyruvate to CO2 + H2O in the presence of oxygen?

    <p>Transportation to the mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of pyruvate in the presence of oxygen in mammals?

    <p>Complete oxidation to CO2 + H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a fate of pyruvate after glycolysis?

    <p>Conversion to ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the three control points in glycolysis?

    <p>To regulate the flow of glucose through glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the complete oxidation of pyruvate to CO2 + H2O take place?

    <p>Mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of pyruvate in the absence of oxygen in mammals?

    <p>Conversion to lactic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

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