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3-L2

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What is the final common central pathway for the oxidation of fuel molecules like amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates?

Krebs Cycle

Where does the aerobic processing of glucose occur?

Mitochondria

What is the primary molecule that most fuel molecules enter the Citric acid cycle as?

Acetyl CoA

Which enzyme plays a crucial role in regulating the TCA Cycle based on the ATP/ADP ratio and NADH/NAD+ ratio?

<p>Citrate Synthase</p> Signup and view all the answers

During fasting when glucose is absent from the diet, which process is responsible for producing glucose in the body?

<p>Gluconeogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is the major site of Gluconeogenesis in the body?

<p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of lactate during prolonged starvation?

<p>Glycolysis in skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme's activity is increased by both glucagon and cortisol?

<p>Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition contributes significantly to hyperglycemia due to increased gluconeogenesis?

<p>Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does glucagon stimulate gluconeogenesis through changes in allosteric effectors?

<p>It decreases fructose 2,6-bisphosphate levels, activating fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase and inhibiting phosphofructokinase-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which compound activates pyruvate carboxylase during fasting?

<p>Acetyl CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which tissue is galactose primarily metabolized?

<p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of cataract formation in galactosemia?

<p>Cross-linking of lens proteins by disulfide bond formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for the accumulation of galactitol in galactosemia?

<p>Aldose reductase</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the galactose epimerase reaction?

<p>To enable galactose synthesis from glucose during lactation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of galactosemia is more common and more serious?

<p>Classical type (galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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