3-L2
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Questions and Answers

What is the final common central pathway for the oxidation of fuel molecules like amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates?

  • Glycolysis
  • Calvin Cycle
  • Electron Transport Chain
  • Krebs Cycle (correct)
  • Where does the aerobic processing of glucose occur?

  • Ribosomes
  • Nucleus
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum
  • Mitochondria (correct)
  • What is the primary molecule that most fuel molecules enter the Citric acid cycle as?

  • Glucose
  • Lactic Acid
  • Pyruvate
  • Acetyl CoA (correct)
  • Which enzyme plays a crucial role in regulating the TCA Cycle based on the ATP/ADP ratio and NADH/NAD+ ratio?

    <p>Citrate Synthase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During fasting when glucose is absent from the diet, which process is responsible for producing glucose in the body?

    <p>Gluconeogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ is the major site of Gluconeogenesis in the body?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary source of lactate during prolonged starvation?

    <p>Glycolysis in skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme's activity is increased by both glucagon and cortisol?

    <p>Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition contributes significantly to hyperglycemia due to increased gluconeogenesis?

    <p>Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does glucagon stimulate gluconeogenesis through changes in allosteric effectors?

    <p>It decreases fructose 2,6-bisphosphate levels, activating fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase and inhibiting phosphofructokinase-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound activates pyruvate carboxylase during fasting?

    <p>Acetyl CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which tissue is galactose primarily metabolized?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of cataract formation in galactosemia?

    <p>Cross-linking of lens proteins by disulfide bond formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for the accumulation of galactitol in galactosemia?

    <p>Aldose reductase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the galactose epimerase reaction?

    <p>To enable galactose synthesis from glucose during lactation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of galactosemia is more common and more serious?

    <p>Classical type (galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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