Hydrocarbons and Functional Groups MELC
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Questions and Answers

Which type of hydrocarbons are nonpolar, not very reactive, insoluble in water, and have little biological activity?

  • Cycloalkanes (correct)
  • Alcohols
  • Alkenes
  • Alkynes

    • What is the common characteristic of alkenes, except for ethene?

  • Colorless and odorless (correct)
  • Highly flammable
  • Highly toxic
  • Slightly soluble in water

    • Which functional group is present in alcohols?

  • Hydroxyl group (correct)
  • Carbonyl group
  • Triple bond
  • Ether linkage

    • Which type of organic compound slowly forms explosive peroxides when left standing in air?

    <p>Ethers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between aldehydes and ketones?

    <p>Hydrocarbon groups bonded to the carbon atom in the carbonyl group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of an organic compound?

    <p>A compound composed of only carbon and hydrogen atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are hydrocarbons classified based on structure?

    <p>Aliphatic and aromatic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of hydrocarbon has only single carbon-carbon bonds in the molecule?

    <p>Alkanes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are alkanes referred to as saturated hydrocarbons?

    <p>Because they contain maximum hydrogen atoms that can bond to the carbon atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element can be included in organic compounds, apart from carbon and hydrogen?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes hydrocarbons?

    <p>Compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are alkanes classified based on structure?

    <p>They have only single carbon-carbon bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of alkanes that makes them saturated hydrocarbons?

    <p>They have the maximum number of hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common characteristic of aromatic hydrocarbons?

    <p>Contain a benzene ring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which functional group is present in alcohols?

    <p>Hydroxyl group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between alkanes and alkenes?

    <p>Alkanes contain single carbon-carbon bonds, while alkenes contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining feature of cycloalkanes?

    <p>Formation of a single ring structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which functional group is present in aldehydes?

    <p>Carbonyl group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing characteristic of ethers?

    <p>Formation of explosive peroxides when left standing in air</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main feature that distinguishes alcohols from alkanes and alkenes?

    <p>Presence of the hydroxyl functional group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Hydrocarbons

    • Nonpolar, nonreactive, insoluble in water, and biologically inactive hydrocarbons are a type of hydrocarbon.
    • Alkanes are classified based on structure into three categories: linear, branched, and cyclic.
    • Alkanes have only single carbon-carbon bonds in the molecule, making them saturated hydrocarbons.
    • They are referred to as saturated hydrocarbons because they have only single carbon-carbon bonds.

    Alkenes

    • Alkenes, except for ethene, have a common characteristic of having one or more multiple carbon-carbon bonds.
    • The main difference between alkanes and alkenes is the presence of multiple carbon-carbon bonds in alkenes.

    Aldehydes and Ketones

    • Aldehydes have a carbonyl functional group (-CHO).
    • The main difference between aldehydes and ketones is the position of the carbonyl group.
    • Ketones have a carbonyl group bonded to two carbon atoms.

    Alcohols

    • Alcohols have a hydroxyl (-OH) functional group.
    • The main feature that distinguishes alcohols from alkanes and alkenes is the presence of a hydroxyl group.

    Aromatic Hydrocarbons

    • Aromatic hydrocarbons have a common characteristic of being planar, ring-shaped molecules with alternating double bonds.

    Cycloalkanes

    • Cycloalkanes have a defining feature of being ring-shaped molecules with single carbon-carbon bonds.

    Ethers

    • Ethers have a distinguishing characteristic of having an oxygen atom bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups.

    Organic Compounds

    • An organic compound is defined as a compound that contains carbon and hydrogen atoms, and may also contain other elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur.
    • Hydrocarbons are classified based on structure into alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic hydrocarbons.
    • Apart from carbon and hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur can also be included in organic compounds.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of hydrocarbons and functional groups with this quiz. Learn to describe different functional groups and understand their importance in organic compounds. Pre-test answers are provided to help you assess your understanding.

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