CHEM 102 Final Flashcards

Anything occupying space and having mass.

A change that doesn't alter the formula of compounds or elements.

<p>A process that separates a compound into elements and involves making or breaking chemical bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>SI units and metric prefixes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All measurements have uncertainty, usually ±1 in the last digit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Closeness of measurements to each other and reproducibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Closeness of a measurement to the accepted or true value.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All solid numbers are significant, with specific rules regarding zeros.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The answer has the same number of decimal places as the term with the least number of decimal places.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The answer has the same number of significant figures as the term with the least number of significant figures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Using units and conversion factors to obtain the correct answer.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The formula is |true result - experimental| / true result x 100.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Each element is made up of atoms. 2) Atoms of the same element are alike. 3) Compounds form when atoms of 2 or more elements combine. 4) The law of conservation of mass states that atoms are rearranged, not created or destroyed.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Particles are charged and have mass, and negatively charged particles are fundamental to atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atoms are mostly empty space, with protons in a dense nucleus that repels alpha particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protons (positive charge), neutrons (neutral), and electrons (negative charge).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<h1>of protons in an atom.</h1> Signup and view all the answers

<h1>of protons + # of neutrons.</h1> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A neutral atom has equal numbers of electrons and protons, while an ion is formed by the gain or loss of electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A positively charged ion formed when electrons are lost.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A negatively charged ion formed when electrons are gained.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Subscripts tell how many of each kind of atom are present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Made up of cations and anions held together by attraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Made up entirely of nonmetals, held together by sharing electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cation first, then anion; use base names and roman numerals for transition metals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Base name for first element, anion naming like a regular anion, and use prefixes for numbers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>6.0223 x 10²³ moles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iso 1 mass(abundance) + (Iso 2 mass)(abundance) + ... = average atomic mass.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gives the actual number and kinds of atoms in a compound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mass of X = mass of X / total mass x 100.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Starts with C∧H∧O∧ -&gt; CO₂ + H₂O.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breaking and making chemical bonds, atoms are conserved.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HONClBrIF.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, and combustion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reactant that produces less of the product.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Actual yield / theoretical yield x 100.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A homogeneous mixture.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The dissolving medium present in the greatest amount.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The substance dissolved in a solution.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water is a polar covalent compound that dissolves other polar and ionic solutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Compounds that are 100% ionized or dissociated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only some ions are present, conducts electricity but only slightly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reactions that release heat; ∆H is negative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Energy released or absorbed when an atom gains an electron.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Having the same number of electrons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluorine, Oxygen, and Nitrogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By transferring valence electrons between atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrons are shared equally between atoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrons are not shared equally, resulting in a dipole.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Diagrams that show the arrangement of valence electrons in a compound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electrons repel each other, resulting in specific molecular geometries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bonds formed by the end-to-end overlap of atomic orbitals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bonds formed by the side-to-side overlap of parallel p orbitals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A single bond consists of 1 sigma bond; a double bond consists of 1 sigma and 1 pi bond; a triple bond consists of 1 sigma and 2 pi bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The attraction between neighboring molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers