Chemistry Chapter 1 Review Questions

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Questions and Answers

What is chemistry?

Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter.

What branch of chemistry is most concerned with the study of carbon compounds?

Organic chemistry.

What is meant by the word chemical, as used by scientists?

A chemical is any substance with a definite composition.

Briefly describe the differences between basic research, applied research, and technological development.

Basic research is for knowledge, applied research is to solve a problem, and technological development is for the production and use of products to improve the quality of life. Signup and view all the answers

What is mass?

The measure of the amount of matter. Signup and view all the answers

What is volume?

The amount of three-dimensional space an object occupies. Signup and view all the answers

How does the composition of a pure compound differ from that of a mixture?

Pure compounds are made of only one substance so its composition is uniform throughout. A mixture is made of more than one substance. Signup and view all the answers

What is a property?

Characteristics that define an entire set of substances. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between extensive properties and intensive properties?

Extensive properties depend on the amount of matter present. Intensive properties do not. Signup and view all the answers

What is a physical property?

A characteristic which can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance. Signup and view all the answers

Give two examples of physical properties.

Melting point and boiling point. Signup and view all the answers

What is a chemical property?

A substance's ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances. Signup and view all the answers

Give two examples of chemical properties.

Gasoline burning and iron rusting. Signup and view all the answers

Distinguish between a physical change and a chemical change.

In a chemical change, a substance becomes a completely different substance. In a physical change, it remains the same but appears different. Signup and view all the answers

How does a solid differ from a liquid?

A solid has a definite shape and a liquid has no definite shape. Signup and view all the answers

How does a liquid differ from a gas?

A liquid has a definite volume, and a gas has no definite volume. Signup and view all the answers

How is a liquid similar to a gas?

They both have indefinite shape. Signup and view all the answers

What is plasma?

A high temperature physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by a change in state?

A physical change of a substance from one state to another. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the vertical columns of the periodic table? What is the significance of the horizontal rows?

Vertical columns have similar chemical properties and reactivities. Horizontal rows have the same properties. Signup and view all the answers

Identify the reactants and products in the following reaction: Potassium + water -> potassium hydroxide + hydrogen.

Reactants are potassium and water. The products are potassium hydroxide and hydrogen. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chemistry Overview

Chemistry explores the composition, structure, and properties of matter.
It encompasses various branches, with organic chemistry focusing specifically on carbon compounds.

Definition of Chemical

A chemical is defined as any substance with a specific and definite composition.

Research Types

Basic research seeks knowledge for its own sake.
Applied research aims to solve practical problems.
Technological development involves creating and using products to enhance quality of life.

Mass and Volume

Mass measures the amount of matter contained in an object.
Volume refers to the three-dimensional space occupied by an object.

Compounds vs. Mixtures

Pure compounds consist of a single substance with uniform composition.
Mixtures comprise two or more substances with no uniform composition.

Properties of Matter

A property is a characteristic that identifies an entire set of substances.
Extensive properties vary with the amount of material, while intensive properties remain constant regardless of quantity.

Physical vs. Chemical Properties

Physical properties, such as melting point and boiling point, can be observed or measured without altering the substance's identity.
Chemical properties describe a substance's ability to change into different substances; examples include gasoline burning and iron rusting.

Changes in Matter

Physical change does not alter the substance's identity, merely its appearance.
Chemical change transforms a substance into a completely different one.

States of Matter

Solids maintain a definite shape, unlike liquids, which have no definite shape.
Liquids have a definite volume, whereas gases lack a defined volume.
Both liquids and gases exhibit an indefinite shape.

Plasma State

Plasma is a high-energy physical state where atoms lose most of their electrons, occurring at high temperatures.

State Changes

A change in state refers to a physical transformation of a substance from one state to another, such as melting or evaporation.

Periodic Table Layout

Vertical columns (groups) contain elements with similar chemical properties and reactivities.
Horizontal rows (periods) house elements with comparable properties across the row.

Reaction Example

In the reaction of potassium and water, potassium and water are the reactants, leading to potassium hydroxide and hydrogen as products.

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Test your knowledge with these flashcards on Chapter 1 of Chemistry. The questions cover fundamental concepts such as the definition of chemistry, branches like organic chemistry, and the meaning of the term 'chemical.' Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding.