Questions and Answers
What is chemistry?
Chemistry is the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter.
What branch of chemistry is most concerned with the study of carbon compounds?
Organic chemistry.
What is meant by the word chemical, as used by scientists?
A chemical is any substance with a definite composition.
Briefly describe the differences between basic research, applied research, and technological development.
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What is mass?
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What is volume?
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How does the composition of a pure compound differ from that of a mixture?
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What is a property?
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What is the difference between extensive properties and intensive properties?
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What is a physical property?
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Give two examples of physical properties.
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What is a chemical property?
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Give two examples of chemical properties.
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Distinguish between a physical change and a chemical change.
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How does a solid differ from a liquid?
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How does a liquid differ from a gas?
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How is a liquid similar to a gas?
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What is plasma?
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What is meant by a change in state?
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What is the significance of the vertical columns of the periodic table? What is the significance of the horizontal rows?
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Identify the reactants and products in the following reaction: Potassium + water -> potassium hydroxide + hydrogen.
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Study Notes
Chemistry Overview
- Chemistry explores the composition, structure, and properties of matter.
- It encompasses various branches, with organic chemistry focusing specifically on carbon compounds.
Definition of Chemical
- A chemical is defined as any substance with a specific and definite composition.
Research Types
- Basic research seeks knowledge for its own sake.
- Applied research aims to solve practical problems.
- Technological development involves creating and using products to enhance quality of life.
Mass and Volume
- Mass measures the amount of matter contained in an object.
- Volume refers to the three-dimensional space occupied by an object.
Compounds vs. Mixtures
- Pure compounds consist of a single substance with uniform composition.
- Mixtures comprise two or more substances with no uniform composition.
Properties of Matter
- A property is a characteristic that identifies an entire set of substances.
- Extensive properties vary with the amount of material, while intensive properties remain constant regardless of quantity.
Physical vs. Chemical Properties
- Physical properties, such as melting point and boiling point, can be observed or measured without altering the substance's identity.
- Chemical properties describe a substance's ability to change into different substances; examples include gasoline burning and iron rusting.
Changes in Matter
- Physical change does not alter the substance's identity, merely its appearance.
- Chemical change transforms a substance into a completely different one.
States of Matter
- Solids maintain a definite shape, unlike liquids, which have no definite shape.
- Liquids have a definite volume, whereas gases lack a defined volume.
- Both liquids and gases exhibit an indefinite shape.
Plasma State
- Plasma is a high-energy physical state where atoms lose most of their electrons, occurring at high temperatures.
State Changes
- A change in state refers to a physical transformation of a substance from one state to another, such as melting or evaporation.
Periodic Table Layout
- Vertical columns (groups) contain elements with similar chemical properties and reactivities.
- Horizontal rows (periods) house elements with comparable properties across the row.
Reaction Example
- In the reaction of potassium and water, potassium and water are the reactants, leading to potassium hydroxide and hydrogen as products.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards on Chapter 1 of Chemistry. The questions cover fundamental concepts such as the definition of chemistry, branches like organic chemistry, and the meaning of the term 'chemical.' Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding.
