Mid Unit Chemistry Test Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Granite is a stone with flecks of white, black, red and colorless materials in it. Granite is a what?

  • A homogeneous mixture
  • A solution
  • A pure substance
  • A heterogeneous mixture (correct)

    • A major difference between a mixture and a pure substance is that a mixture...

  • Must be composed of compounds
  • May have different components in it (correct)
  • Always has water as its solvent
  • Can only have one element in it

    • Which of the following is an example of physical change?

  • Muffins baking
  • Copper tarnishing
  • A burning match
  • Snow melting (correct)

    • What is the formula for density?

    <p>D = mass divided by volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is true for chemical change?

    <p>A new substance with new properties is produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Solutions are different from heterogeneous mixtures because solutions are...

    <p>None of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement describes a chemical property of iron?

    <p>Iron combines with oxygen to form rust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify these as a heterogeneous mixture, solution, an element or a compound.

    <p>Maple syrup = Solution Carbon dioxide gas = Compound A bracelet of pure gold = Element Hot chocolate with marshmallows = Heterogeneous mixture A bottle filled with ordinary air = Compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Something which always takes the shape of its container and has a fixed volume.

    <p>Liquid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The temperature at which a substance changes state from a solid to a liquid.

    <p>Melting point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Refers to a substance that lets light to pass through.

    <p>Translucent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Refers to how easy a solid can be bent or shattered.

    <p>Malleability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ability to dissolve in a solvent.

    <p>Solubility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula to find the mass of an object?

    <p>Mass = Density times Volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The elements in this group all have the maximum number of electrons possible in their outer shell, making them stable. They are known as...

    <p>Noble Gases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is true for Dalton's atomic theory?

    <p>Atoms combine in fixed ratios</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Dalton thought atoms were like billiard balls that were solid spheres.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Oppositely charged particles repel each other.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Elements in the same chemical family have the same number of outer (valence) electrons.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you find out the number of neutrons in an element?

    <p>Subtract the rounded atomic mass by the number of protons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If an atom loses 2 electrons, it becomes an ion with a +2 charge.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Electrons contribute extremely little to the mass of an atom.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inside the atom are positive protons and negative neutrons.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The modern Bohr-Rutherford atom states electrons occur outside of the nucleus in orbitals.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All alkali metals have 2 valence electrons.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Digesting food is a physical change.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A physical property is a characteristic of a substance that can change without forming a new substance.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Determining the mass of something is an example of qualitative observation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A chemical change involves the formation of at least one new substance.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the vertical rows on the Periodic Table called?

    <p>Groups/Families</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the horizontal rows on the periodic table called?

    <p>Periods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A chemical reaction takes place when two or more...

    <p>Substances combine to form new substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The modern periodic table classifies elements according to their...

    <p>Atomic number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A compound is a substance that is made up of two or more...

    <p>Elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mixtures and Pure Substances

    • Granite is classified as a heterogeneous mixture due to its varied composition of minerals.
    • A significant distinction between mixtures and pure substances is that mixtures may contain different components.

    Changes in Matter

    • Physical changes do not alter the chemical composition of a substance; for example, snow melting is a physical change.
    • Chemical changes result in the formation of new substances with distinct properties.

    Density and Mass

    • The formula for density is density (D) = mass divided by volume.
    • Mass can also be calculated using the formula mass = density times volume.

    Chemical Properties

    • Iron rusting is an example of a chemical property, indicating its ability to react with oxygen.
    • Compounds consist of two or more elements and can be separated into these elements only through chemical changes.

    Types of Solutions

    • Solutions are homogenous mixtures, meaning they appear uniform throughout, unlike heterogeneous mixtures which have distinct phases.

    States of Matter

    • Liquids take the shape of their containers while maintaining a fixed volume.
    • The melting point is the temperature at which a solid transitions to a liquid, and the freezing point is when a liquid turns to a solid.

    Atomic Structure

    • The modern model of the atom includes electrons located outside the nucleus in orbitals, and these orbitals have a maximum of 8 electrons, except for the first, which holds 2.
    • Protons determine the identity of an element, and an atom’s mass is primarily influenced by protons and neutrons.

    Chemical and Physical Properties

    • Malleability refers to the ability of a solid to be bent or shattered easily.
    • Viscosity refers to a liquid's resistance to flow; higher viscosity means slower flow.

    Periodic Table Organization

    • Elements are organized in vertical columns (groups/families) and horizontal rows (periods) on the periodic table based on their chemical properties and atomic number.
    • Noble gases are stable due to having a full outer shell of electrons.

    Chemical Reactions

    • A chemical reaction involves the combination of two or more substances to create new substances; an exothermic reaction releases energy, while an endothermic reaction absorbs energy.

    Observational Properties

    • Qualitative observations describe characteristics without numerical measurements, whereas quantitative observations involve precise measurements.

    True/False Concepts in Chemistry

    • Neutral atoms have an equal number of protons and electrons, while ions have an unequal number, creating a charge.
    • Elements consist of only one type of atom and cannot be broken down further.

    Summary of Key Terms

    • Atoms are the basic units of matter.
    • Molecules consist of two or more atoms bonded together.
    • Compounds are pure substances formed from two or more different elements.

    General Observations

    • Determining density, mass, and volume involves quantitative measurements.
    • Elements display varying reactivity, with alkali metals being highly reactive, particularly lithium and sodium.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the properties of mixtures and pure substances with these flashcards. Each question is designed to help you understand key concepts in chemistry, including the classification of materials like granite. Ideal for revision during your chemistry unit.

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