Questions and Answers
Granite is a stone with flecks of white, black, red and colorless materials in it. Granite is a what?
A major difference between a mixture and a pure substance is that a mixture...
Which of the following is an example of physical change?
What is the formula for density?
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Which is true for chemical change?
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Solutions are different from heterogeneous mixtures because solutions are...
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Which statement describes a chemical property of iron?
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Identify these as a heterogeneous mixture, solution, an element or a compound.
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Something which always takes the shape of its container and has a fixed volume.
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The temperature at which a substance changes state from a solid to a liquid.
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Refers to a substance that lets light to pass through.
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Refers to how easy a solid can be bent or shattered.
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The ability to dissolve in a solvent.
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What is the formula to find the mass of an object?
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The elements in this group all have the maximum number of electrons possible in their outer shell, making them stable. They are known as...
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Which is true for Dalton's atomic theory?
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Dalton thought atoms were like billiard balls that were solid spheres.
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Oppositely charged particles repel each other.
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Elements in the same chemical family have the same number of outer (valence) electrons.
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How do you find out the number of neutrons in an element?
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If an atom loses 2 electrons, it becomes an ion with a +2 charge.
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Electrons contribute extremely little to the mass of an atom.
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Inside the atom are positive protons and negative neutrons.
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The modern Bohr-Rutherford atom states electrons occur outside of the nucleus in orbitals.
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All alkali metals have 2 valence electrons.
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Digesting food is a physical change.
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A physical property is a characteristic of a substance that can change without forming a new substance.
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Determining the mass of something is an example of qualitative observation.
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A chemical change involves the formation of at least one new substance.
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What are the vertical rows on the Periodic Table called?
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What are the horizontal rows on the periodic table called?
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A chemical reaction takes place when two or more...
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The modern periodic table classifies elements according to their...
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A compound is a substance that is made up of two or more...
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Study Notes
Mixtures and Pure Substances
- Granite is classified as a heterogeneous mixture due to its varied composition of minerals.
- A significant distinction between mixtures and pure substances is that mixtures may contain different components.
Changes in Matter
- Physical changes do not alter the chemical composition of a substance; for example, snow melting is a physical change.
- Chemical changes result in the formation of new substances with distinct properties.
Density and Mass
- The formula for density is density (D) = mass divided by volume.
- Mass can also be calculated using the formula mass = density times volume.
Chemical Properties
- Iron rusting is an example of a chemical property, indicating its ability to react with oxygen.
- Compounds consist of two or more elements and can be separated into these elements only through chemical changes.
Types of Solutions
- Solutions are homogenous mixtures, meaning they appear uniform throughout, unlike heterogeneous mixtures which have distinct phases.
States of Matter
- Liquids take the shape of their containers while maintaining a fixed volume.
- The melting point is the temperature at which a solid transitions to a liquid, and the freezing point is when a liquid turns to a solid.
Atomic Structure
- The modern model of the atom includes electrons located outside the nucleus in orbitals, and these orbitals have a maximum of 8 electrons, except for the first, which holds 2.
- Protons determine the identity of an element, and an atom’s mass is primarily influenced by protons and neutrons.
Chemical and Physical Properties
- Malleability refers to the ability of a solid to be bent or shattered easily.
- Viscosity refers to a liquid's resistance to flow; higher viscosity means slower flow.
Periodic Table Organization
- Elements are organized in vertical columns (groups/families) and horizontal rows (periods) on the periodic table based on their chemical properties and atomic number.
- Noble gases are stable due to having a full outer shell of electrons.
Chemical Reactions
- A chemical reaction involves the combination of two or more substances to create new substances; an exothermic reaction releases energy, while an endothermic reaction absorbs energy.
Observational Properties
- Qualitative observations describe characteristics without numerical measurements, whereas quantitative observations involve precise measurements.
True/False Concepts in Chemistry
- Neutral atoms have an equal number of protons and electrons, while ions have an unequal number, creating a charge.
- Elements consist of only one type of atom and cannot be broken down further.
Summary of Key Terms
- Atoms are the basic units of matter.
- Molecules consist of two or more atoms bonded together.
- Compounds are pure substances formed from two or more different elements.
General Observations
- Determining density, mass, and volume involves quantitative measurements.
- Elements display varying reactivity, with alkali metals being highly reactive, particularly lithium and sodium.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the properties of mixtures and pure substances with these flashcards. Each question is designed to help you understand key concepts in chemistry, including the classification of materials like granite. Ideal for revision during your chemistry unit.
