CHEM 101M: Matter and Atoms Quiz

Chemistry Overview

• Chemistry studies matter, including its structure, properties, and transformations.
• Transformations involve energy changes during physical or chemical alterations.

Matter and Its Properties

• Matter: Occupies space and has mass.
• Mass: Quantity of matter in an object.
• Weight: Force of gravity acting on an object.
• Properties: Unique attributes for substance identification.
• Changes: Can be physical (state change) or chemical (substance change).
• Energy: Ability to cause changes or perform work.

States of Matter

• Gas: No fixed volume or shape, expands to fill containers, compressible.
• Liquid: Fixed volume, takes the shape of its container, incompressible.
• Solid: Definite shape and volume, incompressible.

Pure Substances

• Defined by distinct properties and uniform composition across samples.
• Comprises either elements or compounds.

Elements

• Cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
• Each consists of only one kind of atom.
• Total of 118 known elements, with 98 naturally occurring and others synthesized in laboratories.

Essential Elements in the Human Body

• Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N): Key components in organic compounds, vital for life functions.
• Calcium (Ca): Essential for bone and teeth strength, aids in blood clotting.
• Magnesium (Mg): Crucial for nerve and muscle action, found in bones.
• Chlorine (Cl): Necessary for growth and development.
• Phosphorus (P): Involved in energy storage and nucleic acids (DNA, RNA).
• Potassium (K): Regulates electrical balance and nerve conduction; deficiency can lead to muscle weakness and paralysis.
• Sodium (Na): Helps maintain electrical balance; deficiency may cause muscle problems.
• Copper (Cu): Strengthens bones and assists in enzyme function; deficiency can lead to anemia.
• Cobalt (Co): Part of vitamin B12; deficiency can cause pernicious anemia.
• Chromium (Cr): Enhances insulin effectiveness.
• Fluorine (F): Reduces dental cavity incidence.
• Iron (Fe): Vital component of blood; essential for oxygen transport in cells.

Test your knowledge on the fundamental concepts of chemistry, specifically focusing on matter, its properties, and the transformations it undergoes. This quiz covers essential topics including energy changes associated with matter. Perfect for students in the Chemistry course at Colegio San Agustin – Bacolod.