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Questions and Answers
What is the negative impact of excess nitrogen compounds in water reservoirs?
What is the negative impact of excess nitrogen compounds in water reservoirs?
- Enhancing aquatic organisms' health
- Increasing dissolved oxygen levels
- Improving water disinfection effectiveness
- Causing algal blooms (correct)
How do nitrogen compounds affect the possibility of reusing water for consumption?
How do nitrogen compounds affect the possibility of reusing water for consumption?
- Reducing the need for treatment
- Enhancing water quality
- Increasing water purity
- Limiting chlorination effectiveness (correct)
What negative impact can high nitrate (V) concentration in drinking water have on human health?
What negative impact can high nitrate (V) concentration in drinking water have on human health?
- Causing digestive issues (correct)
- Reducing risk of diseases
- Improving cognitive function
- Enhancing immune system response
What is a potential health risk associated with nitrites in water?
What is a potential health risk associated with nitrites in water?
Why have no drinking water standards been established for phosphorus?
Why have no drinking water standards been established for phosphorus?
How can the presence of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds indirectly influence human health?
How can the presence of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds indirectly influence human health?
What can cyanobacteria produce under favorable conditions that poses a risk to marine ecosystems?
What can cyanobacteria produce under favorable conditions that poses a risk to marine ecosystems?
What does the presence of intestinal microorganisms in a soil sample indicate?
What does the presence of intestinal microorganisms in a soil sample indicate?
Which of the following intestinal bacilli can remain in soil for up to several days?
Which of the following intestinal bacilli can remain in soil for up to several days?
What is the significance of finding developmental stages of parasites classified as helminths in soil samples?
What is the significance of finding developmental stages of parasites classified as helminths in soil samples?
Which method is commonly used in soil parasitological studies to analyze the differences in specific weights of cysts, oocysts, and parasite eggs?
Which method is commonly used in soil parasitological studies to analyze the differences in specific weights of cysts, oocysts, and parasite eggs?
What is the smallest soil mass in which coliforms or C. perfringens spores are still present known as?
What is the smallest soil mass in which coliforms or C. perfringens spores are still present known as?
Which intestinal bacillus can remain in soil for several months, up to a year?
Which intestinal bacillus can remain in soil for several months, up to a year?
What form does Clostridium perfringens take in soil that allows it to survive for several years?
What form does Clostridium perfringens take in soil that allows it to survive for several years?
What is the main cause of soil pollution?
What is the main cause of soil pollution?
How can contaminated soil be ingested by humans?
How can contaminated soil be ingested by humans?
Which of the following is NOT a major source of soil pollutants?
Which of the following is NOT a major source of soil pollutants?
What type of industry is considered a major anthropogenic source of soil pollutants?
What type of industry is considered a major anthropogenic source of soil pollutants?
What can result in the release of toxic elements into the environment according to the text?
What can result in the release of toxic elements into the environment according to the text?
How does agricultural soil lose its function due to soil pollution?
How does agricultural soil lose its function due to soil pollution?
Which system can be affected by soil pollution through inhaling soil dust particles?
Which system can be affected by soil pollution through inhaling soil dust particles?
Which parasite is a blood fluke?
Which parasite is a blood fluke?
How is Fasciola hepatica primarily transmitted to humans?
How is Fasciola hepatica primarily transmitted to humans?
What is the geographical occurrence of Diphyllobothrium latum?
What is the geographical occurrence of Diphyllobothrium latum?
Which organism is an intracellular parasite that invades the epithelial cells of the intestine?
Which organism is an intracellular parasite that invades the epithelial cells of the intestine?
In which part of the body does Schistosoma mansonii reside?
In which part of the body does Schistosoma mansonii reside?
What is the route of invasion for Acanthamoeba castellani in humans?
What is the route of invasion for Acanthamoeba castellani in humans?
How is Cryptosporidium parvum primarily transmitted to humans?
How is Cryptosporidium parvum primarily transmitted to humans?
How can Anclostoma duodenale be transmitted?
How can Anclostoma duodenale be transmitted?
Which of the following is NOT a reference mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is NOT a reference mentioned in the text?
What type of outbreak was associated with treated recreational water in the United States from 2000-2014?
What type of outbreak was associated with treated recreational water in the United States from 2000-2014?
What is the primary mode of transmission for Anclostoma duodenale?
What is the primary mode of transmission for Anclostoma duodenale?
What organism caused a waterborne outbreak of multiple infections at a school camp?
What organism caused a waterborne outbreak of multiple infections at a school camp?
What is the primary function of Actinomycetes in soil?
What is the primary function of Actinomycetes in soil?
Which type of microorganism is responsible for chemical processes in the soil under normal conditions?
Which type of microorganism is responsible for chemical processes in the soil under normal conditions?
What distinguishes allochthonous microorganisms from autochthonous ones in soil?
What distinguishes allochthonous microorganisms from autochthonous ones in soil?
Which group of bacteria produces a significant percentage of natural antibiotics?
Which group of bacteria produces a significant percentage of natural antibiotics?
What is the main role of photoautotrophic bacteria in soil?
What is the main role of photoautotrophic bacteria in soil?
What is the term for organisms that do not naturally occur in a specific environment and migrate there?
What is the term for organisms that do not naturally occur in a specific environment and migrate there?
Which of the following is a term for native organisms in a given environment?
Which of the following is a term for native organisms in a given environment?
What type of index shows the numerical ratio of different types of microscopic organisms found in a representative water sample?
What type of index shows the numerical ratio of different types of microscopic organisms found in a representative water sample?
Which term refers to the process of gradual increase in the concentration of biogenous elements in aquatic ecosystems?
Which term refers to the process of gradual increase in the concentration of biogenous elements in aquatic ecosystems?
What are multicellular parasites including tapeworms, flukes, and nematodes known as?
What are multicellular parasites including tapeworms, flukes, and nematodes known as?
What is the main medical significance of the cosmopolitan genus Streptomyces?
What is the main medical significance of the cosmopolitan genus Streptomyces?
Which bacterium is known for producing streptomycin, an antibiotic with antibacterial activity?
Which bacterium is known for producing streptomycin, an antibiotic with antibacterial activity?
In what type of climate are soil-transmitted parasites more likely to cause invasions?
In what type of climate are soil-transmitted parasites more likely to cause invasions?
What is the significance of a sanitary evaluation of soil?
What is the significance of a sanitary evaluation of soil?
What role does bacteriological research play in soil evaluation?
What role does bacteriological research play in soil evaluation?
What is the coliform titer specifically measuring in water samples?
What is the coliform titer specifically measuring in water samples?
What technique involves passing test samples through a membrane filter to count the number of colonies on the filter?
What technique involves passing test samples through a membrane filter to count the number of colonies on the filter?
At what temperature and time are total viable bacteria typically measured in drinking water samples?
At what temperature and time are total viable bacteria typically measured in drinking water samples?
Which type of microorganism predominantly grows at temperatures between -5 to +30°C?
Which type of microorganism predominantly grows at temperatures between -5 to +30°C?
What does the biological indicator Bi measure in water reservoirs?
What does the biological indicator Bi measure in water reservoirs?
What is the indicator organism used for detecting faecal contamination in surface waters in the European Union countries?
What is the indicator organism used for detecting faecal contamination in surface waters in the European Union countries?
Which protozoan with oocysts resistant to chlorination and ozonation serves as an indicator of purity in drinking water in some countries like the USA?
Which protozoan with oocysts resistant to chlorination and ozonation serves as an indicator of purity in drinking water in some countries like the USA?
What must recreational waters of natural bathing areas be examined for, besides faecal contamination indicators?
What must recreational waters of natural bathing areas be examined for, besides faecal contamination indicators?
Which bacteria can be found in inland and sea bathing areas' water, according to the text?
Which bacteria can be found in inland and sea bathing areas' water, according to the text?
In the EU, which bacterium is used as an indicator organism for all types of waters to detect faecal contamination?
In the EU, which bacterium is used as an indicator organism for all types of waters to detect faecal contamination?
What is a pathogen type that is mentioned in the text as a cause of infectious and invasive diseases occurring naturally or contaminating the aquatic environment?
What is a pathogen type that is mentioned in the text as a cause of infectious and invasive diseases occurring naturally or contaminating the aquatic environment?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a water-borne pathogen in the text?
Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a water-borne pathogen in the text?
What is a characteristic of water-borne parasitic diseases as described in the text?
What is a characteristic of water-borne parasitic diseases as described in the text?
Which parasite mentioned in the text has a wide host specificity and can infect humans as well as over 80 mammal species?
Which parasite mentioned in the text has a wide host specificity and can infect humans as well as over 80 mammal species?
Which type of bacteria is NOT mentioned in the context of infectious and invasive diseases occurring naturally or contaminating the aquatic environment in the text?
Which type of bacteria is NOT mentioned in the context of infectious and invasive diseases occurring naturally or contaminating the aquatic environment in the text?
What is the main health risk associated with drinking contaminated water?
What is the main health risk associated with drinking contaminated water?
Which pathogen is known to cause primary amoebic meningoencephalitis through inhalation of water droplets?
Which pathogen is known to cause primary amoebic meningoencephalitis through inhalation of water droplets?
What is the primary function of photoautotrophic bacteria in soil?
What is the primary function of photoautotrophic bacteria in soil?
How are allochthonous microorganisms different from autochthonous ones in soil?
How are allochthonous microorganisms different from autochthonous ones in soil?
Which of the following best describes the role of autotrophic bacteria in soil?
Which of the following best describes the role of autotrophic bacteria in soil?
Inhalation of aerosols can lead to infection by which pathogen?
Inhalation of aerosols can lead to infection by which pathogen?
'Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis' is caused by which pathogen?
'Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis' is caused by which pathogen?
'Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis' is caused by which pathogen?
'Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis' is caused by which pathogen?
'Total coliform bacteria' are typically found in which stage of water treatment?
'Total coliform bacteria' are typically found in which stage of water treatment?
'Infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria' are most commonly associated with consumption of contaminated:
'Infectious diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria' are most commonly associated with consumption of contaminated:
Flashcards
What bacteria indicate faecal contamination in soil?
What bacteria indicate faecal contamination in soil?
The presence of these bacteria in soil indicates faecal contamination.
What kind of spores survive in soil for years?
What kind of spores survive in soil for years?
These spores can survive in soil for extended periods, indicating past contamination.
What does soil helminthological examination involve?
What does soil helminthological examination involve?
This examination helps identify parasites in soil, especially those with stages that live in the environment.
What causes eutrophication in water?
What causes eutrophication in water?
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Why is high nitrate in drinking water harmful?
Why is high nitrate in drinking water harmful?
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What are the sources of soil pollution?
What are the sources of soil pollution?
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How can soil contamination affect humans?
How can soil contamination affect humans?
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What are the effects of soil pollution?
What are the effects of soil pollution?
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What are waterborne pathogens?
What are waterborne pathogens?
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Name some common waterborne pathogens.
Name some common waterborne pathogens.
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What contributes to the occurrence of waterborne parasitic diseases?
What contributes to the occurrence of waterborne parasitic diseases?
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What is sanitary evaluation of soil?
What is sanitary evaluation of soil?
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What is the purpose of water quality assessment?
What is the purpose of water quality assessment?
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Why are there guidelines for safe recreational water environments?
Why are there guidelines for safe recreational water environments?
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What is bacteriological examination of soil?
What is bacteriological examination of soil?
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What is the coliform index?
What is the coliform index?
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What is the biological index in water quality assessment?
What is the biological index in water quality assessment?
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What are intestinal microorganisms?
What are intestinal microorganisms?
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What is methemoglobinemia?
What is methemoglobinemia?
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What are helminths?
What are helminths?
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What are the properties of a parasite?
What are the properties of a parasite?
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What is helminthological examination?
What is helminthological examination?
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What is bacteriological examination?
What is bacteriological examination?
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What is the biotic index?
What is the biotic index?
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What are pollutants?
What are pollutants?
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What are coliform bacteria?
What are coliform bacteria?
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What is eutrophication?
What is eutrophication?
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What is water treatment?
What is water treatment?
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Study Notes
Soil Contamination and Its Effects
- The presence of intestinal microorganisms in soil indicates faecal contamination, which can be identified by the presence of certain bacteria, such as E. coli, Salmonella, and Shigella, up to several months after contamination.
- Clostridium perfringens spores can be present in soil for up to several years.
- Soil helminthological examination involves searching for developmental stages of parasites, such as hookworms, in soil samples.
Eutrophication and Its Effects
- Excess nitrogen and phosphorus compounds in water reservoirs can cause eutrophication, leading to increased plant and algae growth, reduced dissolved oxygen, and harm to aquatic organisms.
- High nitrate concentration in drinking water can negatively impact human health, causing methemoglobinemia and increasing the risk of cancer.
Soil Pollution and Its Effects
- Soil pollution can occur through natural or anthropogenic sources, such as agricultural fertilizers, industrial activities, and waste disposal.
- Contact with contaminated soil can occur through ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact.
- Soil pollution can lead to the loss of soil function and negatively impact plants, wildlife, and human health.
Waterborne Pathogens and Diseases
- Various pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and helminths, can be present in water and cause infectious diseases.
- Examples of waterborne pathogens include E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Cryptosporidium, and Giardia.
- Factors contributing to the occurrence of waterborne parasitic diseases include pollution of surface and groundwater, irregularities in water treatment, and properties of the parasite.
Sanitary Evaluation of Soil and Water
- Sanitary evaluation of soil includes bacteriological and helminthological examination.
- Water quality assessment includes determination of total viable bacteria, coliform index, and biological index (biotic index).
- International guidelines for safe recreational water environments have been established to minimize health hazards.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the characteristics and geographical occurrence of various protozoa and parasites like Acanthamoeba castellani, Cryptosporidium parvum, Fasciola hepatica, Schistosoma mansonii, and Diphyllobothrium latum. Learn about their hosts, invasive stages, and routes of invasion.
