Parasites and Protozoa Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are the two distinct forms in which parasites occur?

  • Yeasts and molds
  • Fungi and algae
  • Viruses and bacteria
  • Single-celled protozoa and multicellular metazoa (correct)

Which group of protozoa is characterized by the presence of cilia?

  • Ciliata (correct)
  • Sporozoa
  • Sarcodina
  • Mastigophora

What is the definitive host for a parasite?

  • The host that carries the parasite asymptomatically
  • The host that transmits the parasite to others
  • The host in which the parasite undergoes essential development
  • The host in which sexual maturity and reproduction occurs (correct)

Which of the following diseases is caused by Entamoeba histolytica?

<p>Amebic dysentery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is NOT typically associated with acute intestinal amebiasis?

<p>Fatigue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature differentiates the trophozoite stage of Entamoeba histolytica from its cyst stage?

<p>The trophozoite is motile (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of metazoa is characterized as flatworms?

<p>Platyhelminthes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hosts is a reservoir host?

<p>A host that serves as a source of infection for others (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Toxoplasmosis primarily caused by?

<p>Toxoplasma gondii (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which insect is the vector for Chagas' disease?

<p>Reduviid bug (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of leishmaniasis?

<p>Cutaneous leishmaniasis and Visceral leishmaniasis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following parasites is a blood fluke?

<p>Schistosoma species (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method of infection for tapeworms in humans?

<p>Ingesting undercooked flesh containing larvae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Leishmania infection is most prevalent in Turkey?

<p>Cutaneous leishmaniasis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which parasite is responsible for sleeping sickness?

<p>Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes the head of a tapeworm?

<p>Scolex (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are true regarding the body structure of nematodes?

<p>Nematodes have a complete digestive tract with a mouth and an anus. (B), Nematodes possess a cuticle that is noncellular and resistant. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nematodes is transmitted primarily through ingestion of eggs?

<p>Ascaris (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of transmission is associated with the guinea worm, Dracunculus?

<p>Ingestion of crustaceans in drinking water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category do Wuchereria, Onchocerca, and Loa belong to?

<p>Filarial worms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nematodes is NOT classified as an intestinal nematode?

<p>Strongyloides (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature distinguishes male nematodes from female nematodes?

<p>Males possess a coiled tail. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nematodes is primarily transmitted through larvae rather than eggs?

<p>Necator (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the medically important cestodes is correct?

<p>Cestodes have a segmented body structure. (B), Taenia solium can infect humans through undercooked pork. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is commonly associated with giardiasis?

<p>Watery, foul-smelling diarrhea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about Trichomonas vaginalis?

<p>It has an undulating membrane extending about two-thirds of its length. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the stages of the life cycle of Giardia lamblia?

<p>Trophozoite and cyst (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which malaria-causing plasmodia is noted for being more common and lethal?

<p>Plasmodium falciparum (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the plasmodium life cycle occurs in humans?

<p>Schizogony (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant factor in the epidemiology of malaria?

<p>It affects more than 200 million people globally. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of discharge is commonly associated with trichomoniasis in women?

<p>Watery and foul-smelling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the vector that transmits malaria?

<p>Female Anopheles mosquito (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Definitive host

A host in which a parasite reaches sexual maturity and reproduces.

Intermediate host

A host in which a parasite undergoes essential development, but does not reach sexual maturity.

Reservoir host

A host that harbors a parasite but does not show any signs or symptoms of disease.

Vector

An organism that transmits a parasite from one host to another.

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Trophozoite

The active, motile stage of Entamoeba histolytica.

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Cyst

The dormant, non-motile stage of Entamoeba histolytica.

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Amebic dysentery

An infection with Entamoeba histolytica, characterized by bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever.

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Liver abscess

A collection of pus in the liver, often caused by Entamoeba histolytica.

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Giardia lamblia

A protozoan parasite that causes giardiasis, a common intestinal infection, characterized by watery diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and bloating.

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Trophozoite (Giardia lamblia)

The active, motile stage of Giardia lamblia, which attaches to the intestinal wall and feeds.

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Cyst (Giardia lamblia)

The dormant, non-motile stage of Giardia lamblia, which is resistant to harsh conditions and can survive outside the host.

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Trichomonas vaginalis

A protozoan parasite that causes trichomoniasis, a sexually transmitted infection that affects the genitourinary tract.

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Trophozoite (Trichomonas vaginalis)

The active, motile stage of Trichomonas vaginalis, which lacks a cyst form.

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Plasmodium species

A group of protozoan parasites that cause malaria, a serious disease that affects red blood cells and can be fatal.

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Schizogony (Plasmodium)

Asexual reproduction in Plasmodium, where a single parasite multiplies into many daughter cells within a red blood cell.

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Anopheles mosquito (malaria)

The female Anopheles mosquito, which acts as the vector for Plasmodium parasites, transmitting the disease from human to human.

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Toxoplasmosis

A zoonotic disease caused by the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii. It can be transmitted through ingestion of undercooked meat, contaminated water, or contact with infected cat feces.

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Trypanosoma cruzi

The causative agent of Chagas' disease (American trypanosomiasis). This parasite is transmitted by the reduviid bug (kissing bug or cone-nose bug).

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Trypanosoma gambiense & Trypanosoma rhodesiense

Two species of protozoan parasites that cause African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness). They are transmitted by the tsetse fly.

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Leishmania spp.

A group of parasitic protozoa that cause leishmaniasis, a disease characterized by skin sores, fever, and internal organ damage. Transmission occurs through the bite of an infected sandfly.

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Schistosoma species

A group of parasitic flatworms (flukes) that are responsible for schistosomiasis. These parasites are transmitted through contact with contaminated water containing their larval stages.

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Tapeworms (Cestodes)

A type of parasitic flatworm (tapeworm) that infects the intestines of humans and other animals. It is acquired by consuming undercooked meat containing the larvae.

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Nematodes

Roundworms characterized by a cylindrical body and a complete digestive system with a mouth and anus.

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Cuticle (Nematode)

A tough, non-cellular outer layer that protects the nematode from harsh environments.

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Intestinal Nematodes

Nematodes that primarily reside in the digestive tract, such as pinworms, whipworms, and hookworms.

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Tissue Nematodes

Nematodes that inhabit tissues outside of the digestive system, like filarial worms (e.g., Wuchereria, Onchocerca) and guinea worms (Dracunculus).

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Filarial Worms

Nematodes that produce motile embryos called microfilariae found in blood and tissue fluids.

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Microfilariae

Motile embryos that are produced by filarial worms, found in blood and tissue fluids.

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Dracunculus

A nematode whose larvae live in tiny crustaceans (copepods) and are ingested in drinking water, causing Guinea worm disease.

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Fecal-Oral Transmission

The primary mode of transmission for most intestinal nematodes, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water.

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Study Notes

Medically Important Parasites

  • Parasites come in two forms: single-celled protozoa and multicellular helminths (worms).
  • Protozoa are subdivided into Sarcodina (amebas), Sporozoa (sporozoans), Mastigophora (flagellates), and Ciliata (ciliates).
  • Metazoa are divided into Platyhelminthes (flatworms) and Nemathelminthes (roundworms). Flatworms include Cestoda (tapeworms) and Trematoda (flukes). Roundworms include nematodes.
  • Giardia lamblia is a protozoan that causes intestinal and urogenital infections. Symptoms include watery, foul-smelling diarrhea with nausea, anorexia, flatulence, abdominal cramps, and no fever.
  • Entamoeba histolytica is a protozoan that causes amebic dysentery and liver abscess. The life cycle includes motile ameba and non-motile cyst stages.
  • Trichomonas vaginalis is a flagellated protozoan that causes trichomoniasis. It is a pear-shaped organism with a central nucleus and four anterior flagella.
  • Plasmodium is a blood and tissue protozoan that causes malaria. It has a sexual stage in mosquitoes and an asexual stage in humans. The female anopheles mosquito is the vector. Worldwide, it is a leading cause of death.
  • Toxoplasma gondii causes toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease. It infects many animals. It can be transmitted transplacentally, and cause spontaneous abortion, stillbirth, or severely mentally/physically impaired child.
  • Trypanosoma cruzi is the cause of Chagas' disease. The life cycle of Chagas' disease involves the reduviid bug (Triatoma, cone-nose or kissing bug)as the vector.
  • Trypanosoma gambiense and Trypanosoma rhodesiense cause sleeping sickness. The vector is the tsetse fly.
  • Leishmania is a protozoan that causes leishmaniasis. It is transmitted by female sandflies. There are cutaneous, visceral, and mucosal forms.
  • Helminths are a large group of parasites, including flukes and tapeworms. The most important trematodes are Schistosoma species, and Paragonimus westermani.
  • Nematodes are another substantial group, comprising roundworms. The medically significant ones include intestinal and tissue nematodes,.

Important Definitions

  • Definitive host - The host in which sexual maturity and reproduction of the parasite occurs.
  • Intermediate host - The host in which the parasite develops.
  • Reservoir host - A host that harbors the parasite, serving as a source of infection for other susceptible hosts but shows no symptoms of the disease.
  • Vector - An organism that transmits a parasite from one host to another. Often an insect.
  • Cyst - A resting state of a protozoan or helminth parasite.
  • Trophozoite - The active, feeding stage of a protozoan parasite.

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Description

Test your knowledge on parasites and protozoa with this quiz. It covers various aspects such as host types, diseases caused by specific parasites, and distinguishing features of parasitic life stages. Perfect for students studying biology or medical sciences.

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