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Questions and Answers
The main function of platelets is to carry oxygen.
The main function of platelets is to carry oxygen.
False (B)
Urea is produced in the kidneys.
Urea is produced in the kidneys.
False (B)
The cerebellum is responsible for controlling heart rate.
The cerebellum is responsible for controlling heart rate.
False (B)
Asthma is a condition caused by the build up of cholesterol in the arteries.
Asthma is a condition caused by the build up of cholesterol in the arteries.
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The peripheral nervous system includes cranial and spinal nerves.
The peripheral nervous system includes cranial and spinal nerves.
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Cells are the basic unit of life.
Cells are the basic unit of life.
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The liver is the largest organ in the human body.
The liver is the largest organ in the human body.
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The ability to grow and develop is one of the six characteristics of living things.
The ability to grow and develop is one of the six characteristics of living things.
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A change in a species' structure to help it survive after many generations is called a functional adaptation.
A change in a species' structure to help it survive after many generations is called a functional adaptation.
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All animals have lungs to breathe.
All animals have lungs to breathe.
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Amoebas move using cilia.
Amoebas move using cilia.
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Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.
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Osmosis is a type of diffusion that involves the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
Osmosis is a type of diffusion that involves the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
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Water will leave the cell because there is a higher concentration of salt inside the cell.
Water will leave the cell because there is a higher concentration of salt inside the cell.
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Xylem and phloem are both types of connective tissue.
Xylem and phloem are both types of connective tissue.
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Mechanical digestion involves the use of enzymes to break down food.
Mechanical digestion involves the use of enzymes to break down food.
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Gastric juice is an important component of the digestive system responsible for the physical breakdown of food.
Gastric juice is an important component of the digestive system responsible for the physical breakdown of food.
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Villi are small projections that increase the surface area of the small intestine, aiding in the absorption of nutrients.
Villi are small projections that increase the surface area of the small intestine, aiding in the absorption of nutrients.
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Starch is a complex carbohydrate that is broken down into fatty acids during digestion.
Starch is a complex carbohydrate that is broken down into fatty acids during digestion.
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When you exhale into a Bromothymol Blue solution, it turns yellow because there is carbon monoxide present in your exhaled breath.
When you exhale into a Bromothymol Blue solution, it turns yellow because there is carbon monoxide present in your exhaled breath.
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The diaphragm is a muscular structure that plays a vital role in breathing, acting as a bellows to move air in and out of the lungs.
The diaphragm is a muscular structure that plays a vital role in breathing, acting as a bellows to move air in and out of the lungs.
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Study Notes
Living Things Characteristics
- Living things are composed of cells
- All living things need energy
- Living things grow and develop
- Living things reproduce
- Living things respond to their environment
- Living things have adaptations for their environment
Structure and Function
- Structure determines function
- Example: Wing structure allows flight
Structural Adaptations
- Structural adaptations are changes in a species' structure to help it survive
- Example: Various answers
Largest and Second Largest Organ
- Largest organ: Skin
- Second largest organ: Liver
Cell and Tissue
- Similar cells form tissues
- Different tissues make organs
- Different organs make organ systems
Cellular Transport
- Diffusion: Particles move from high to low concentration
- Osmosis: Diffusion of water across a membrane
Digestion
- Mechanical digestion: Physical breakdown (chewing, churning)
- Chemical digestion: Breakdown by chemical reactions (acids and enzymes)
- Components of gastric juice: Hydrochloric acid (HCI), mucus, enzymes (pepsin), water
- Villi: Small projections on the small intestine, increasing surface area for nutrient absorption
Organ Systems/Organs
- The structures involved in gas exchange vary: Fish use gills, Mammals/Birds use lungs, and Insects use spiracles
- Examples of different tissue relating to organs, including heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins forming circulatory systems
- Cellular components such as Mitochondria are part of cells
Classification of Organisms
- Unicellular organisms: One cell (Example: Amoeba)
- Multicellular organisms: Many cells (Example: Paramecium)
Movement
- Amoeba moves using pseudopods
- Paramecium moves using cilia
Excretion
- Excretion: Removal of waste from the body
- Urea: Waste product (main ingredient of urine), produced in the liver
- Nephron: Kidney's functional unit, filtrates/cleans blood
Nervous System
- CNS: Central Nervous System (brain and spinal cord)
- PNS: Peripheral Nervous System (peripheral nerves, including cranial and spinal nerves)
- Neuron Types: Motor (signals from CNS to muscles and organs), Sensory (signals from senses to CNS), Interneurons (thinking)
Organs and their Functions
- Cerebrum: Thoughts
- Cerebellum: Balance
- Medulla: Heart rate
Other Key Terms
- Vaccine: Body builds immunity to a disease
- Inventor of vaccine: Edward Jenner
- Asthma: Air passages narrow
- Bronchitis: Mucus buildup in air passages
- Emphysema: Alveoli inflation reduction
- Atherosclerosis: Cholesterol buildup in arteries
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