12 Questions
What do unicellular organisms have in common with multicellular organisms?
Both types of organisms can only perform all life functions when specialized cells work together
Which statement accurately describes the Cell Theory?
All cells originate from pre-existing cells through cell division
What distinguishes unicellular organisms from multicellular organisms?
Unicellular organisms do not require other cells to survive
Which term best describes a living thing that is made up of more than one cell?
Multicellular
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells lack a true nucleus, unlike eukaryotic cells
Which one of these statements accurately reflects the characteristics of unicellular organisms?
Unicellular organisms consist of only one cell and can be seen through a microscope
What is the main function of the cell wall in prokaryotic organisms?
To strengthen the cell and help maintain its shape
Which organelle is responsible for converting light energy into chemical energy in plant cells?
Chloroplast
What is the primary function of the Golgi Body/Apparatus in eukaryotic organisms?
Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids
Which part of a prokaryotic cell allows it to move?
Flagellum
What is the function of the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?
Producing ATP through cellular respiration
In eukaryotic organisms, which organelle is involved in protein and lipid synthesis?
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Study Notes
Characteristics of Living Things
- Movement: Changing position
- Respiration: Releasing energy from food using oxygen
- Sensitivity: Responding to surroundings
- Growth: Increasing in size
- Reproduction: Producing offspring
- Excretion: Removing waste
- Nutrition: Consuming chemical material as food
The Cell Theory
- Living things are composed of one or more cells
- All cells come from pre-existing cells through cell division
- The cell is the smallest independent unit of life
Unicellular and Multicellular Organisms
Unicellular Organisms
- Consist of only one cell
- Examples: Bacteria, Phytoplankton, Amoeba, Algae, and Euglena
- Can perform all life functions (eating, breathing, moving, growing)
- Interact with their outside environment
- Can only be seen through a microscope
Multicellular Organisms
- Consist of a large number of cells
- Examples: Animals and Plants
- Cells are specialized and need other cells to survive (dependent)
- Use division of labor to perform all life functions
- Need transport systems
Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic Cells
- The first organisms to inhabit Earth
- Features: Unicellular, small, simple, no nucleus (DNA in cytoplasm)
- Examples: Bacteria and Archaea
- Cell components:
- Cell Wall: Strengthens the cell and maintains its shape
- Cell Membrane: Controls exchange of materials between cell and environment
- Cytoplasm: Provides a medium for biochemical reactions
- Ribosomes: Synthesizes proteins for the cell
- Chromosome: Carries genetic instructions for the cell
- Capsule and Pilus: Allows cell to stick to a surface or other prokaryotes
- Flagellum: Allows the cell to move
Eukaryotic Cells
- Features: Unicellular or multicellular, larger, more complex, internal organization, and membrane-bound organelles
- Examples: Fungi, Plants, Animals, and Protists (unicellular)
- Contain a nucleus containing DNA
- Found in all organisms except bacteria
Organelles and Their Functions
Cytoplasm
- A gel-like substance filling the cell, providing a medium for organelles
Nucleus
- Contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities by regulating gene expression
Mitochondria
- Generates energy through cellular respiration, producing ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Chloroplast
- Found in plant cells and some protists, carries out photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy (glucose) and releasing oxygen
Cell Wall
- Provides structural support and protection to plant cells, fungi, and some bacteria
Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane)
- Forms a boundary between the cell and its environment, controlling the movement of substances into and out of the cell
Golgi Body/Apparatus
- Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum for transport to their final destinations
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
- Involved in protein and lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage
Ribosomes
- Responsible for protein synthesis, translating mRNAs into proteins
Test your knowledge on the characteristics of living things including movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion, and nutrition. Also, assess your understanding of the Cell Theory which states that living things are made up of cells and all cells come from pre-existing cells.
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