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Questions and Answers
What do unicellular organisms have in common with multicellular organisms?
What do unicellular organisms have in common with multicellular organisms?
Which statement accurately describes the Cell Theory?
Which statement accurately describes the Cell Theory?
What distinguishes unicellular organisms from multicellular organisms?
What distinguishes unicellular organisms from multicellular organisms?
Which term best describes a living thing that is made up of more than one cell?
Which term best describes a living thing that is made up of more than one cell?
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What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
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Which one of these statements accurately reflects the characteristics of unicellular organisms?
Which one of these statements accurately reflects the characteristics of unicellular organisms?
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What is the main function of the cell wall in prokaryotic organisms?
What is the main function of the cell wall in prokaryotic organisms?
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Which organelle is responsible for converting light energy into chemical energy in plant cells?
Which organelle is responsible for converting light energy into chemical energy in plant cells?
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What is the primary function of the Golgi Body/Apparatus in eukaryotic organisms?
What is the primary function of the Golgi Body/Apparatus in eukaryotic organisms?
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Which part of a prokaryotic cell allows it to move?
Which part of a prokaryotic cell allows it to move?
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What is the function of the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?
What is the function of the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells?
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In eukaryotic organisms, which organelle is involved in protein and lipid synthesis?
In eukaryotic organisms, which organelle is involved in protein and lipid synthesis?
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Study Notes
Characteristics of Living Things
- Movement: Changing position
- Respiration: Releasing energy from food using oxygen
- Sensitivity: Responding to surroundings
- Growth: Increasing in size
- Reproduction: Producing offspring
- Excretion: Removing waste
- Nutrition: Consuming chemical material as food
The Cell Theory
- Living things are composed of one or more cells
- All cells come from pre-existing cells through cell division
- The cell is the smallest independent unit of life
Unicellular and Multicellular Organisms
Unicellular Organisms
- Consist of only one cell
- Examples: Bacteria, Phytoplankton, Amoeba, Algae, and Euglena
- Can perform all life functions (eating, breathing, moving, growing)
- Interact with their outside environment
- Can only be seen through a microscope
Multicellular Organisms
- Consist of a large number of cells
- Examples: Animals and Plants
- Cells are specialized and need other cells to survive (dependent)
- Use division of labor to perform all life functions
- Need transport systems
Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells
Prokaryotic Cells
- The first organisms to inhabit Earth
- Features: Unicellular, small, simple, no nucleus (DNA in cytoplasm)
- Examples: Bacteria and Archaea
- Cell components:
- Cell Wall: Strengthens the cell and maintains its shape
- Cell Membrane: Controls exchange of materials between cell and environment
- Cytoplasm: Provides a medium for biochemical reactions
- Ribosomes: Synthesizes proteins for the cell
- Chromosome: Carries genetic instructions for the cell
- Capsule and Pilus: Allows cell to stick to a surface or other prokaryotes
- Flagellum: Allows the cell to move
Eukaryotic Cells
- Features: Unicellular or multicellular, larger, more complex, internal organization, and membrane-bound organelles
- Examples: Fungi, Plants, Animals, and Protists (unicellular)
- Contain a nucleus containing DNA
- Found in all organisms except bacteria
Organelles and Their Functions
Cytoplasm
- A gel-like substance filling the cell, providing a medium for organelles
Nucleus
- Contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities by regulating gene expression
Mitochondria
- Generates energy through cellular respiration, producing ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Chloroplast
- Found in plant cells and some protists, carries out photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy (glucose) and releasing oxygen
Cell Wall
- Provides structural support and protection to plant cells, fungi, and some bacteria
Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane)
- Forms a boundary between the cell and its environment, controlling the movement of substances into and out of the cell
Golgi Body/Apparatus
- Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids from the endoplasmic reticulum for transport to their final destinations
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
- Involved in protein and lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage
Ribosomes
- Responsible for protein synthesis, translating mRNAs into proteins
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Description
Test your knowledge on the characteristics of living things including movement, respiration, sensitivity, growth, reproduction, excretion, and nutrition. Also, assess your understanding of the Cell Theory which states that living things are made up of cells and all cells come from pre-existing cells.
