Characteristics of Benign and Malignant Tumors
42 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the difference between hyperplasia and neoplasia in terms of function?

  • Hyperplasia has no useful function, while neoplasia has a useful function
  • Hyperplasia has a limited growth, while neoplasia has an unlimited growth
  • Hyperplasia has no stimulus, while neoplasia has a stimulus
  • Hyperplasia has a useful function, while neoplasia has no useful function (correct)

    • What is the main function of a tumor?

  • To multiply and increase in size (correct)
  • To stop the growth of normal cells
  • To perform a useful function to the host
  • To secret hormones

    • What are the two basic components of a neoplasm?

  • The neoplastic cells and the host's immune system
  • The neoplastic cells and the normal cells
  • The neoplastic cells and the supporting stroma & vessels derived from the host (correct)
  • The neoplastic cells and the hormones

    • What is the difference between benign and malignant tumors in terms of recurrence?

    <p>Benign tumors do not recur, while malignant tumors always recur</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of tumors based on their behavior?

    <p>Biological classification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between benign and malignant tumors in terms of prognosis?

    <p>Benign tumors have a good prognosis, while malignant tumors have a bad prognosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between epithelial and mesenchymal tumors?

    <p>Epithelial tumors originate from epithelial cells, while mesenchymal tumors originate from mesenchymal cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the study of tumors or neoplasms?

    <p>Oncology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tumors is lymphatic spread more common in?

    <p>Epithelial tumors (Carcinoma)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of lymphatic permeation in the affected area?

    <p>Localized obstructive oedema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism by which tumor cells invade lymphatic vessels?

    <p>Invasion of the lymphatic vessel wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do emboli derived from tumors in organs drained by the portal blood first metastasize?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tumors is blood spread more common in?

    <p>Mesenchymal tumors (Sarcoma)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of metastasis?

    <p>Development of secondary malignant implants discontinuous with the primary tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the lymph node structure in lymphatic spread?

    <p>It is destroyed and replaced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of carcinoma is lymphatic permeation a common occurrence?

    <p>Breast carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between anaplastic tumors and malignant tumors?

    <p>Anaplastic tumors have a better prognosis than malignant tumors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of anaplastic tumors?

    <p>They are locally invasive and destructive to the surrounding tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a sign that a benign tumor may be changing into a malignant tumor?

    <p>Increased rate of growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do malignant cells spread in the body?

    <p>Along lines of least resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the spread of malignant cells to distant sites?

    <p>Metastasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do malignant cells have an advantage in spreading through the body?

    <p>They are less adherent to each other than normal cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of surgical excision of malignant tumors with a safety margin?

    <p>To remove the tumor with a large margin of surrounding tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of metastasis?

    <p>The development of secondary malignant implants, discontinuous with the primary tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of metastasis?

    <p>Development of secondary malignant implants, discontinuous with the primary tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common site of metastasis?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the route of metastasis for tumors in organs drained by the vertebral system of veins?

    <p>Blood spread</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the microscopic appearance of metastases?

    <p>Resemble the primary tumor from which they are derived</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of implantation metastasis?

    <p>Surgical implantation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of benign tumors in hollow organs?

    <p>They cause obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common effect of benign tumors on vital organs?

    <p>They compress vital centers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for metastasis through the serous cavities?

    <p>Transcoelomic spread</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of lymphatic spread?

    <p>Metastasis through the lymphatic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of benign tumors in terms of endocrine function?

    <p>They have a regulated endocrine function, as in pituitary and thyroid adenoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the gross pattern of benign tumors?

    <p>They have a spherical or ovoid shape in solid organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for metastasis that occurs in muscles, spleen, pancreas, and intestine?

    <p>Rare sites of metastasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the cut section of benign tumors?

    <p>It has a uniform pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of malignant tumors?

    <p>They have a large size and irregular shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the microscopic pattern of malignant tumors?

    <p>They have a large nucleus and a high N/C ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of poorly differentiated malignant tumors?

    <p>They have a high N/C ratio and abnormal mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of differentiation in malignant tumors?

    <p>It can be well, moderately, or poorly differentiated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of the growth rate of malignant tumors?

    <p>It is faster than benign tumors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Benign Tumors

    • Benign tumors can compress vital centers such as the brain, spinal cord, trachea, or heart.
    • They can also arise in hollow organs, causing obstruction, such as in the intestine, esophagus, trachea, or ureter.
    • Benign tumors may have endocrine functions, such as pituitary and thyroid adenoma.

    Gross Morphology of Benign Tumors

    • Size: Usually small
    • Shape: Spherical or ovoid in solid organs, polypoid or papillary in surface epithelium
    • Capsule: Capsulated
    • Margins: Well-defined
    • Cut section: Uniform, no necrosis or hemorrhage, 2ry degenerative changes (cyst, hyaline, or myxoid)

    Malignant Tumors

    • Gross pattern: Irregular, infiltrative, and fixed to surrounding tissue, ulcerating, and fungating
    • Size: Usually large
    • Shape: Irregular
    • Capsule: Non-capsulated
    • Margins: Ill-defined
    • Cut section: Necrosis and hemorrhage, infiltrative, and ulcerating

    Microscopic Pattern of Malignant Tumors

    • Differentiation: Well, moderate, or poorly differentiated
    • Shape & size: Large, pleomorphic
    • N/C ratio: Increased
    • Nucleus: Large, hyperchromatic
    • Nucleolus: Prominent, may be multiple
    • Mitosis: Frequent, abnormal
    • Necrosis: Present
    • Haemorrhage: Present
    • Stroma: Less formed, more vascular

    Comparison between Hyperplasia and Neoplasia

    • Function: Hyperplasia has useful function, neoplasia has no useful function
    • Stimulus: Hyperplasia is excited by a stimulus, neoplasia is independent of a stimulus
    • Limitation: Hyperplasia is limited, stops on removal of stimulus, neoplasia is not limited and proceeds independently
    • Cellular morphology: Hyperplasia has normal cells, neoplasia has abnormal cells

    Classification of Tumors

    • Biological classification: According to their behavior (benign or malignant)
    • Histological classification: According to tissue of origin (epithelial, mesenchymal, or others)

    Spread of Malignant Tumors (Metastasis)

    • Routes of spread: Direct or local spread, distant spread (metastasis)
    • Mechanism: Motility of malignant cells, secretion of substances that dissolve ground substances, and facilitation of infiltration
    • Definition: Development of secondary malignant implants, discontinuous with the primary tumor
    • Lymphatic spread: More common in epithelial tumors, occurs through lymphatic embolism or permeation
    • Blood spread: More common in mesenchymal tumors, occurs through blood vessels
    • Transcoelomic spread: Occurs through serous cavities, such as in tumors of organs covered by serous membranes
    • Implantation: Occurs through surgical implantation, transluminal implantation, or other mechanisms

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    This quiz covers the characteristics and properties of benign and malignant tumors, including their size, shape, and effects on organs.

    More Like This

    Cancer Biology: Tumor Markers
    84 questions

    Cancer Biology: Tumor Markers

    ExemplaryRhodonite1570 avatar
    ExemplaryRhodonite1570
    Oncology: Staging and Grading of Malignant Tumors
    15 questions

    Oncology: Staging and Grading of Malignant Tumors

    LowRiskSteelDrums avatar
    LowRiskSteelDrums
    Marcadores Tumorales en Oncología
    37 questions

    Marcadores Tumorales en Oncología

    HonestPanPipes6187 avatar
    HonestPanPipes6187
    Oncology Week 12 Quiz
    92 questions

    Oncology Week 12 Quiz

    DarlingNoseFlute avatar
    DarlingNoseFlute
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser