Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the difference between hyperplasia and neoplasia in terms of function?
What is the difference between hyperplasia and neoplasia in terms of function?
- Hyperplasia has no useful function, while neoplasia has a useful function
- Hyperplasia has a limited growth, while neoplasia has an unlimited growth
- Hyperplasia has no stimulus, while neoplasia has a stimulus
- Hyperplasia has a useful function, while neoplasia has no useful function (correct)
What is the main function of a tumor?
What is the main function of a tumor?
- To multiply and increase in size (correct)
- To stop the growth of normal cells
- To perform a useful function to the host
- To secret hormones
What are the two basic components of a neoplasm?
What are the two basic components of a neoplasm?
- The neoplastic cells and the host's immune system
- The neoplastic cells and the normal cells
- The neoplastic cells and the supporting stroma & vessels derived from the host (correct)
- The neoplastic cells and the hormones
What is the difference between benign and malignant tumors in terms of recurrence?
What is the difference between benign and malignant tumors in terms of recurrence?
What is the classification of tumors based on their behavior?
What is the classification of tumors based on their behavior?
What is the difference between benign and malignant tumors in terms of prognosis?
What is the difference between benign and malignant tumors in terms of prognosis?
What is the difference between epithelial and mesenchymal tumors?
What is the difference between epithelial and mesenchymal tumors?
What is the term for the study of tumors or neoplasms?
What is the term for the study of tumors or neoplasms?
Which type of tumors is lymphatic spread more common in?
Which type of tumors is lymphatic spread more common in?
What is the result of lymphatic permeation in the affected area?
What is the result of lymphatic permeation in the affected area?
What is the mechanism by which tumor cells invade lymphatic vessels?
What is the mechanism by which tumor cells invade lymphatic vessels?
Where do emboli derived from tumors in organs drained by the portal blood first metastasize?
Where do emboli derived from tumors in organs drained by the portal blood first metastasize?
Which type of tumors is blood spread more common in?
Which type of tumors is blood spread more common in?
What is the definition of metastasis?
What is the definition of metastasis?
What happens to the lymph node structure in lymphatic spread?
What happens to the lymph node structure in lymphatic spread?
In which type of carcinoma is lymphatic permeation a common occurrence?
In which type of carcinoma is lymphatic permeation a common occurrence?
What is the main difference between anaplastic tumors and malignant tumors?
What is the main difference between anaplastic tumors and malignant tumors?
What is a characteristic of anaplastic tumors?
What is a characteristic of anaplastic tumors?
What is a sign that a benign tumor may be changing into a malignant tumor?
What is a sign that a benign tumor may be changing into a malignant tumor?
How do malignant cells spread in the body?
How do malignant cells spread in the body?
What is the term for the spread of malignant cells to distant sites?
What is the term for the spread of malignant cells to distant sites?
Why do malignant cells have an advantage in spreading through the body?
Why do malignant cells have an advantage in spreading through the body?
What is the purpose of surgical excision of malignant tumors with a safety margin?
What is the purpose of surgical excision of malignant tumors with a safety margin?
What is the definition of metastasis?
What is the definition of metastasis?
What is the definition of metastasis?
What is the definition of metastasis?
What is the most common site of metastasis?
What is the most common site of metastasis?
What is the route of metastasis for tumors in organs drained by the vertebral system of veins?
What is the route of metastasis for tumors in organs drained by the vertebral system of veins?
What is the microscopic appearance of metastases?
What is the microscopic appearance of metastases?
What is an example of implantation metastasis?
What is an example of implantation metastasis?
What is a characteristic of benign tumors in hollow organs?
What is a characteristic of benign tumors in hollow organs?
What is a common effect of benign tumors on vital organs?
What is a common effect of benign tumors on vital organs?
What is the term for metastasis through the serous cavities?
What is the term for metastasis through the serous cavities?
What is the definition of lymphatic spread?
What is the definition of lymphatic spread?
What is a characteristic of benign tumors in terms of endocrine function?
What is a characteristic of benign tumors in terms of endocrine function?
What is a characteristic of the gross pattern of benign tumors?
What is a characteristic of the gross pattern of benign tumors?
What is the term for metastasis that occurs in muscles, spleen, pancreas, and intestine?
What is the term for metastasis that occurs in muscles, spleen, pancreas, and intestine?
What is a characteristic of the cut section of benign tumors?
What is a characteristic of the cut section of benign tumors?
What is a characteristic of malignant tumors?
What is a characteristic of malignant tumors?
What is a characteristic of the microscopic pattern of malignant tumors?
What is a characteristic of the microscopic pattern of malignant tumors?
What is a characteristic of poorly differentiated malignant tumors?
What is a characteristic of poorly differentiated malignant tumors?
What is a characteristic of differentiation in malignant tumors?
What is a characteristic of differentiation in malignant tumors?
What is a characteristic of the growth rate of malignant tumors?
What is a characteristic of the growth rate of malignant tumors?
Study Notes
Benign Tumors
- Benign tumors can compress vital centers such as the brain, spinal cord, trachea, or heart.
- They can also arise in hollow organs, causing obstruction, such as in the intestine, esophagus, trachea, or ureter.
- Benign tumors may have endocrine functions, such as pituitary and thyroid adenoma.
Gross Morphology of Benign Tumors
- Size: Usually small
- Shape: Spherical or ovoid in solid organs, polypoid or papillary in surface epithelium
- Capsule: Capsulated
- Margins: Well-defined
- Cut section: Uniform, no necrosis or hemorrhage, 2ry degenerative changes (cyst, hyaline, or myxoid)
Malignant Tumors
- Gross pattern: Irregular, infiltrative, and fixed to surrounding tissue, ulcerating, and fungating
- Size: Usually large
- Shape: Irregular
- Capsule: Non-capsulated
- Margins: Ill-defined
- Cut section: Necrosis and hemorrhage, infiltrative, and ulcerating
Microscopic Pattern of Malignant Tumors
- Differentiation: Well, moderate, or poorly differentiated
- Shape & size: Large, pleomorphic
- N/C ratio: Increased
- Nucleus: Large, hyperchromatic
- Nucleolus: Prominent, may be multiple
- Mitosis: Frequent, abnormal
- Necrosis: Present
- Haemorrhage: Present
- Stroma: Less formed, more vascular
Comparison between Hyperplasia and Neoplasia
- Function: Hyperplasia has useful function, neoplasia has no useful function
- Stimulus: Hyperplasia is excited by a stimulus, neoplasia is independent of a stimulus
- Limitation: Hyperplasia is limited, stops on removal of stimulus, neoplasia is not limited and proceeds independently
- Cellular morphology: Hyperplasia has normal cells, neoplasia has abnormal cells
Classification of Tumors
- Biological classification: According to their behavior (benign or malignant)
- Histological classification: According to tissue of origin (epithelial, mesenchymal, or others)
Spread of Malignant Tumors (Metastasis)
- Routes of spread: Direct or local spread, distant spread (metastasis)
- Mechanism: Motility of malignant cells, secretion of substances that dissolve ground substances, and facilitation of infiltration
- Definition: Development of secondary malignant implants, discontinuous with the primary tumor
- Lymphatic spread: More common in epithelial tumors, occurs through lymphatic embolism or permeation
- Blood spread: More common in mesenchymal tumors, occurs through blood vessels
- Transcoelomic spread: Occurs through serous cavities, such as in tumors of organs covered by serous membranes
- Implantation: Occurs through surgical implantation, transluminal implantation, or other mechanisms
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Description
This quiz covers the characteristics and properties of benign and malignant tumors, including their size, shape, and effects on organs.
