78 Questions
What are common characteristics of a failed state?
Tax collection, security assurance, and infrastructure maintenance
Which country was initially characterized as a failed state in the 1990s?
Somalia
What event led to the descent into disorder in Somalia in 1991?
A coup ousting dictator Siad Barre
Which of the following is a likely consequence when a state becomes a failed state?
Widespread corruption and criminality
Which of the following countries has NOT been described as a failed state in the early 2020s?
Lebanon
What is a key factor that makes a state more likely to become a failed state?
Military intervention from non-state actors
Based on Max Weber's political theories, when does a state become a failed state?
When the state does not have a monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force
What term originated in the 1990s to describe states like Somalia after the fall of Siad Barre?
Failed State
What is one common characteristic used to identify a failed state?
Ineffective bureaucracy
Why is determining whether a state has failed challenging?
The definition of 'legitimate'
What index employs assessments of a state's democratic character to determine its degree of failure?
Fragile States Index
In what context did the term 'Failed State' gain prominence during the 1990s?
American-led intervention in Somalia
How did Robert Kaplan's warning contribute to the discussion on failed states?
'Coming Anarchy' in various global regions
What did the term 'failed cities' refer to?
'Ungoverned' cities within functioning states
'Failed State' is a controversial term due to:
'Subjective' nature of indicators used for inference
'Failed State' discussions often focus on which aspect of governance?
'Economic extractive institutions'
What is the total score a country can achieve in the Fragile States Index (FSI) in 2015?
120
Which country ranked number one in the Fragile States Index (FSI) in 2015?
South Sudan
What are the three core elements that Ulrich Schneckener's stage model uses to define statehood types?
Monopoly of Violence, Legitimacy, Rule of Law
Which publication first introduced the Fragile States Index (FSI) in 2005?
Foreign Policy Magazine
How many stages does Ulrich Schneckener's stage model use to show state failure as a process?
Three
What is the main critique mentioned about the Fragile States Index (FSI) in the text?
It focuses too much on underdevelopment
How many categories does the Fragile States Index (FSI) categorize states into?
Four
What does Bates refer to as the 'implosion of the state'?
When the state transforms into an instrument of predation
According to Call, what is the problem with using the concept of state failure?
It is overly generalized and doesn't consider diverse national contexts
What framework does Charles T. Call propose as an alternative to assessing state administration effectiveness?
Gap Framework
According to Call, what are the three 'gaps' that the state is unable to address during failure?
Capacity, Security, Legitimacy
What is a limitation of the gap framework according to Call?
States often face two or more gap challenges
What do Morten Bøås and Kathleen M. Jennings criticize about Western policy-makers' use of the 'failed state' label?
'Failed state' label is inherently political and based on Western perceptions of security and interests
'Failed states' are those in which:
'Recession and informalisation' of the state threatens Western interests
'Failed states' are branded as such based on:
'Subjective perceptions'
'Failed states' create an environment that is:
'Beneficial to international business'
'State failure' measurement methods are commonly divided into:
'Quantitative and qualitative approaches'
What does Binyavanga Wainaina (2009) compare Western aid to?
Colonization
What term do James Fearon and David Laitin use to describe their proposed system for rebuilding failed states?
Neotrusteeship
According to Fearon and Laitin, what problem do failed states pose for the international system?
Collective action problem
What does Jeremy Weinstein argue is a consequence of peace agreements imposed by the international community?
Continued conflict
Why are citizens of failed states attracted to political violence according to Tiffiany Howard's research?
As a result of deteriorating conditions within failed states.
Which term does Weinstein use to describe the process through which stronger states survive in the international system due to wars and conflicts?
Natural selection
'Neotrusteeship' proposed by Fearon and Laitin involves a combination of which two types of organizations?
International and domestic organizations
What is the main contributing factor to the increase in terrorist attacks in nations affected by state failure according to James Piazza's research?
The evidence that citizens are less likely to engage in terrorism in these nations.
Why does Tiffiany Howard's research focus on a different dimension of the connection between state failure and terrorism in Sub-Saharan Africa?
To understand how deteriorating conditions in failed states attract individuals to political violence.
What does Jeremy Weinstein fear international intervention may prevent in failed states?
Development of strong institutions
'Fearon and Laitin identify four main problems to achieving collective action to intervene in failed states.' Which of the following is NOT one of these problems?
'Resource mobilization problem'
What distinguishes Tiffiany Howard's individual-level approach from previous research on state failure and terrorism?
The emphasis on individual citizens' decision-making patterns.
How does globalization contribute to contemporary transnational crimes according to the text?
By enabling instant movement of money, goods, services, and individuals for violent political purposes.
'Intervention is very costly, and no single nation has a strong enough incentive to act to solve the problem of a failed state.' Which principle of economics does this statement reflect?
'Rational choice theory'
What evidence supports Tiffiany Howard's argument that citizens living in failed states are attracted to political violence?
Barometer survey data indicating deteriorating conditions in failed states drive individuals to political violence.
Based on the text, what is one of the reasons Jeremy Weinstein believes war can be beneficial for state development?
It leads to strong internal institutions.
What is a core problem of failed states according to the text?
Low productivity
What is a key dimension of development besides economic growth according to the text?
Expansion of state capability
Which approach is proposed by Matt, Lant, and Woolcock from the Harvard Kennedy School of Government to escape capability traps?
Problem Driven Iterative Adaptation (PDIA)
What contributes to human capital flight from failed states according to the text?
Professional and skilled workers shortage
Why do failed states contribute to transnational crime and terrorism according to Dan E.Stigall?
Weak governance and policy failure
What term is used to refer to a sanctuary where governments are unaware or unable to weaken terrorist organizations?
'Terrorist Black Hole'
According to the study mentioned, what contributes to governmental weakness in regions that terrorists use as sanctuaries?
'Terrorist Comparative Advantages'
Which factor does NOT explain what regions terrorists use as sanctuaries?
'Economic Prosperity'
'Problem Driven Iterative Adaptation (PDIA)' focuses on solving locally nominated and prioritized ________ problems of failed states.
Performance
According to Charles Tilly, what was an indispensable aspect of state development in Europe?
War-making
What did Schneckener emphasize about his model of state development stages?
States don't necessarily undergo every stage
In Third World states, what did Herbst point out as a major difference compared to European states regarding state development?
Lack of external threats and interstate wars
According to Steward and Knaus (2012), what did they conclude about nation-building interventions?
Nations can build themselves with help
Why do developed countries feel the obligation to intervene in so-called failed nation-states according to the text?
To ensure the failed states can deliver political goods
'Failed state' is a label often used by Western countries for which purpose according to the text?
To impose the idea of a stable nation-state on them
'Nation-building' interventions by developed countries were criticized for overconfidence based on what comparison according to the text?
'Successful' interventions in Bosnia and Kosovo
What did Robert I. Rotberg's model imply about the state failure process?
'State failure' is a chronological chain of phases
'Developed nations and their aid institutions have had a positive impact on many failed states' is a statement supported by the text. What does this imply?
'Failed states' can benefit from external support
'Nation-building' is highlighted as context-specific in the text. What does this imply about interventions in troubled states?
'Nation-building' interventions require tailored approaches
What is the key aspect of state development according to Pritchett, Woolcock, and Andrews (2013)?
Establishing context-specific institutions
According to Moss, Pettersson, and Van de Walle (2006), what paradox is created by large cash contributions from Western countries to African countries?
Aid-institutions paradox
What unintended consequences can foreign aid have when used to develop the institutional capacity of a state?
Undermining the state's monopoly on violence
How do donor countries often delegate aid spending to recipient governments?
Due to lack of information or capacity to allocate aid effectively
What is one of the proposed techniques for promoting development in failed states, as suggested by Pritchett, Woolcock, and Andrews (2013)?
Creating context-specific institutions
What did Berman, Felter, Shapiro, and Trolan (2013) find regarding US aid attempts in African agriculture?
Caused further conflict between citizens
According to Chesterman and Ignatieff et al., what is the central problem regarding international action in failed states?
'Crisis-focused' time orientation of interventions
What did Pritchett, Woolcock, and Andrews (2013) suggest as a realistic timeframe for attaining substantial development in failed states?
Years or decades
What potential negative impact can large US aid efforts in Africa have on developing countries, according to Berman, Felter, Shapiro, and Trolan (2013)?
Fostered further conflict between citizens
What has been observed about the effect of foreign aid on the accountability of institutions according to Moss, Pettersson, and Van de Walle (2006)?
It weakens accountability to citizens
Explore the common characteristics of a failed state, including the loss of ability to fulfill fundamental security and development functions. Learn about the lack of effective control over territory, widespread corruption, and intervention from external forces.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
