Characteristics of a Failed State

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What are common characteristics of a failed state?

Strong law enforcement

Tax collection, security assurance, and infrastructure maintenance (correct)

Effective control over territory and borders

Political office staffing and economic prosperity

Which country was initially characterized as a failed state in the 1990s?

Somalia (correct)

Haiti

Libya

Yemen

What event led to the descent into disorder in Somalia in 1991?

A coup ousting dictator Siad Barre (correct)

Successful tax collection efforts

Agreement among the country's clans

Military intervention from outside the country

Which of the following is a likely consequence when a state becomes a failed state?

Widespread corruption and criminality Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following countries has NOT been described as a failed state in the early 2020s?

Lebanon Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor that makes a state more likely to become a failed state?

Military intervention from non-state actors Signup and view all the answers

Based on Max Weber's political theories, when does a state become a failed state?

When the state does not have a monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force Signup and view all the answers

What term originated in the 1990s to describe states like Somalia after the fall of Siad Barre?

Failed State Signup and view all the answers

What is one common characteristic used to identify a failed state?

Ineffective bureaucracy Signup and view all the answers

Why is determining whether a state has failed challenging?

The definition of 'legitimate' Signup and view all the answers

What index employs assessments of a state's democratic character to determine its degree of failure?

Fragile States Index Signup and view all the answers

In what context did the term 'Failed State' gain prominence during the 1990s?

American-led intervention in Somalia Signup and view all the answers

How did Robert Kaplan's warning contribute to the discussion on failed states?

'Coming Anarchy' in various global regions Signup and view all the answers

What did the term 'failed cities' refer to?

'Ungoverned' cities within functioning states Signup and view all the answers

'Failed State' is a controversial term due to:

'Subjective' nature of indicators used for inference Signup and view all the answers

'Failed State' discussions often focus on which aspect of governance?

'Economic extractive institutions' Signup and view all the answers

What is the total score a country can achieve in the Fragile States Index (FSI) in 2015?

120 Signup and view all the answers

Which country ranked number one in the Fragile States Index (FSI) in 2015?

South Sudan Signup and view all the answers

What are the three core elements that Ulrich Schneckener's stage model uses to define statehood types?

Monopoly of Violence, Legitimacy, Rule of Law Signup and view all the answers

Which publication first introduced the Fragile States Index (FSI) in 2005?

Foreign Policy Magazine Signup and view all the answers

How many stages does Ulrich Schneckener's stage model use to show state failure as a process?

Three Signup and view all the answers

What is the main critique mentioned about the Fragile States Index (FSI) in the text?

It focuses too much on underdevelopment Signup and view all the answers

How many categories does the Fragile States Index (FSI) categorize states into?

Four Signup and view all the answers

What does Bates refer to as the 'implosion of the state'?

When the state transforms into an instrument of predation Signup and view all the answers

According to Call, what is the problem with using the concept of state failure?

It is overly generalized and doesn't consider diverse national contexts Signup and view all the answers

What framework does Charles T. Call propose as an alternative to assessing state administration effectiveness?

Gap Framework Signup and view all the answers

According to Call, what are the three 'gaps' that the state is unable to address during failure?

Capacity, Security, Legitimacy Signup and view all the answers

What is a limitation of the gap framework according to Call?

States often face two or more gap challenges Signup and view all the answers

What do Morten Bøås and Kathleen M. Jennings criticize about Western policy-makers' use of the 'failed state' label?

'Failed state' label is inherently political and based on Western perceptions of security and interests Signup and view all the answers

'Failed states' are those in which:

'Recession and informalisation' of the state threatens Western interests Signup and view all the answers

'Failed states' are branded as such based on:

'Subjective perceptions' Signup and view all the answers

'Failed states' create an environment that is:

'Beneficial to international business' Signup and view all the answers

'State failure' measurement methods are commonly divided into:

'Quantitative and qualitative approaches' Signup and view all the answers

What does Binyavanga Wainaina (2009) compare Western aid to?

Colonization Signup and view all the answers

What term do James Fearon and David Laitin use to describe their proposed system for rebuilding failed states?

Neotrusteeship Signup and view all the answers

According to Fearon and Laitin, what problem do failed states pose for the international system?

Collective action problem Signup and view all the answers

What does Jeremy Weinstein argue is a consequence of peace agreements imposed by the international community?

Continued conflict Signup and view all the answers

Why are citizens of failed states attracted to political violence according to Tiffiany Howard's research?

As a result of deteriorating conditions within failed states. Signup and view all the answers

Which term does Weinstein use to describe the process through which stronger states survive in the international system due to wars and conflicts?

Natural selection Signup and view all the answers

'Neotrusteeship' proposed by Fearon and Laitin involves a combination of which two types of organizations?

International and domestic organizations Signup and view all the answers

What is the main contributing factor to the increase in terrorist attacks in nations affected by state failure according to James Piazza's research?

The evidence that citizens are less likely to engage in terrorism in these nations. Signup and view all the answers

Why does Tiffiany Howard's research focus on a different dimension of the connection between state failure and terrorism in Sub-Saharan Africa?

To understand how deteriorating conditions in failed states attract individuals to political violence. Signup and view all the answers

What does Jeremy Weinstein fear international intervention may prevent in failed states?

Development of strong institutions Signup and view all the answers

'Fearon and Laitin identify four main problems to achieving collective action to intervene in failed states.' Which of the following is NOT one of these problems?

'Resource mobilization problem' Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes Tiffiany Howard's individual-level approach from previous research on state failure and terrorism?

The emphasis on individual citizens' decision-making patterns. Signup and view all the answers

How does globalization contribute to contemporary transnational crimes according to the text?

By enabling instant movement of money, goods, services, and individuals for violent political purposes. Signup and view all the answers

'Intervention is very costly, and no single nation has a strong enough incentive to act to solve the problem of a failed state.' Which principle of economics does this statement reflect?

'Rational choice theory' Signup and view all the answers

What evidence supports Tiffiany Howard's argument that citizens living in failed states are attracted to political violence?

Barometer survey data indicating deteriorating conditions in failed states drive individuals to political violence. Signup and view all the answers

Based on the text, what is one of the reasons Jeremy Weinstein believes war can be beneficial for state development?

It leads to strong internal institutions. Signup and view all the answers

What is a core problem of failed states according to the text?

Low productivity Signup and view all the answers

What is a key dimension of development besides economic growth according to the text?

Expansion of state capability Signup and view all the answers

Which approach is proposed by Matt, Lant, and Woolcock from the Harvard Kennedy School of Government to escape capability traps?

Problem Driven Iterative Adaptation (PDIA) Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to human capital flight from failed states according to the text?

Professional and skilled workers shortage Signup and view all the answers

Why do failed states contribute to transnational crime and terrorism according to Dan E.Stigall?

Weak governance and policy failure Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to refer to a sanctuary where governments are unaware or unable to weaken terrorist organizations?

'Terrorist Black Hole' Signup and view all the answers

According to the study mentioned, what contributes to governmental weakness in regions that terrorists use as sanctuaries?

'Terrorist Comparative Advantages' Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT explain what regions terrorists use as sanctuaries?

'Economic Prosperity' Signup and view all the answers

'Problem Driven Iterative Adaptation (PDIA)' focuses on solving locally nominated and prioritized ________ problems of failed states.

Performance Signup and view all the answers

According to Charles Tilly, what was an indispensable aspect of state development in Europe?

War-making Signup and view all the answers

What did Schneckener emphasize about his model of state development stages?

States don't necessarily undergo every stage Signup and view all the answers

In Third World states, what did Herbst point out as a major difference compared to European states regarding state development?

Lack of external threats and interstate wars Signup and view all the answers

According to Steward and Knaus (2012), what did they conclude about nation-building interventions?

Nations can build themselves with help Signup and view all the answers

Why do developed countries feel the obligation to intervene in so-called failed nation-states according to the text?

To ensure the failed states can deliver political goods Signup and view all the answers

'Failed state' is a label often used by Western countries for which purpose according to the text?

To impose the idea of a stable nation-state on them Signup and view all the answers

'Nation-building' interventions by developed countries were criticized for overconfidence based on what comparison according to the text?

'Successful' interventions in Bosnia and Kosovo Signup and view all the answers

What did Robert I. Rotberg's model imply about the state failure process?

'State failure' is a chronological chain of phases Signup and view all the answers

'Developed nations and their aid institutions have had a positive impact on many failed states' is a statement supported by the text. What does this imply?

'Failed states' can benefit from external support Signup and view all the answers

'Nation-building' is highlighted as context-specific in the text. What does this imply about interventions in troubled states?

'Nation-building' interventions require tailored approaches Signup and view all the answers

What is the key aspect of state development according to Pritchett, Woolcock, and Andrews (2013)?

Establishing context-specific institutions Signup and view all the answers

According to Moss, Pettersson, and Van de Walle (2006), what paradox is created by large cash contributions from Western countries to African countries?

Aid-institutions paradox Signup and view all the answers

What unintended consequences can foreign aid have when used to develop the institutional capacity of a state?

Undermining the state's monopoly on violence Signup and view all the answers

How do donor countries often delegate aid spending to recipient governments?

Due to lack of information or capacity to allocate aid effectively Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the proposed techniques for promoting development in failed states, as suggested by Pritchett, Woolcock, and Andrews (2013)?

Creating context-specific institutions Signup and view all the answers

What did Berman, Felter, Shapiro, and Trolan (2013) find regarding US aid attempts in African agriculture?

Caused further conflict between citizens Signup and view all the answers

According to Chesterman and Ignatieff et al., what is the central problem regarding international action in failed states?

'Crisis-focused' time orientation of interventions Signup and view all the answers

What did Pritchett, Woolcock, and Andrews (2013) suggest as a realistic timeframe for attaining substantial development in failed states?

Years or decades Signup and view all the answers

What potential negative impact can large US aid efforts in Africa have on developing countries, according to Berman, Felter, Shapiro, and Trolan (2013)?

Fostered further conflict between citizens Signup and view all the answers

What has been observed about the effect of foreign aid on the accountability of institutions according to Moss, Pettersson, and Van de Walle (2006)?

It weakens accountability to citizens Signup and view all the answers