79 Questions
What is a common characteristic of a failed state?
Infrastructure maintenance capability
Which country was initially used to illustrate the concept of a failed state?
Somalia
What event led to Somalia descending into disorder in 1991?
A coup that ousted its dictator
Which of the following is a likely consequence of a state becoming failed?
Widespread corruption and criminality
Apart from Somalia, which of these countries has been described as a failed state in the early 2020s?
Central African Republic
What function is typically lacking in a failed state?
Political or civil office staffing
What does Charles T.Call propose as an alternative to the concept of state failure?
The gap framework
According to Call, what are the three 'gaps' in resource provision that a failing state cannot address?
Capacity, security, legitimacy
What does Call criticize about the state failure concept?
It is overly generalized
In Bøås and Jennings' research, why do Western policy-makers label certain states as 'failed'?
Based on Western perceptions of security and interests
What is one criticism brought forth by Bøås and Jennings regarding the use of the 'failed state' label?
'Failed state' labeling is politically driven
Why does Call suggest that the gap framework is more useful than quantifying the degree of state failure?
To analyze government-society interplay more effectively
How does Call describe the application of the state failure concept in explaining the plight of diverse states?
'Catch-all theory'
'The implosion of the state' refers to what transformation according to Bates?
'Into an instrument of predation'
What is the primary issue with formally designating a state as 'failed'?
It can lead to geopolitical implications
'Failure in addressing challenges in resource provision' is associated with which gap according to Call's framework?
'Capacity gap'
Who originated the concept of a 'failed state' in the 1990s?
Robert Kaplan
'Western policy-makers attribute the 'failed' label to states that threaten Western interests.' What does this suggest according to Bøås and Jennings?
'Inherent hypocrisy'
According to Max Weber, how is a state defined?
By maintaining a monopoly on the legitimate use of physical force
What does the presence of warlords, corrupt policing, and armed gangs indicate about a state?
Failed state with an ineffective governance system
What do scholars use to determine whether a state has failed according to different indices like the Fragile States Index?
Democratic character of a state's institutions
In the context of 'failed states', what did Robert Kaplan warn about in Liberia and Sierra Leone?
'Coming anarchy'
How did Weber differentiate between de facto and de jure legitimacy in a state's use of violence?
'De jure' does not require legitimacy
According to Max Weber, what does it mean when a state has been rendered ineffective?
Inability to enforce laws uniformly or provide basic goods and services
What are some characteristics that may indicate a failing or failed state as per the text?
Overwhelming crime rates and political corruption
According to Charles Tilly, what was an indispensable aspect of state development in Europe?
War-making
What is a derived concept that expands on the idea of 'failed states'?
Failed cities
Which aspect does Steward and Knaus emphasize as essential for helping nations build themselves?
Well-resourced humanitarian interventions
Why did Herbst (1990) argue that war was important for state development?
To strengthen extraction capability
What is the highest possible total score a country can achieve in the Fragile States Index (FSI)?
120
What is one of the major discrepancies between the quantitative and qualitative research approaches mentioned in the text?
Transparency in indicators
Which country ranked number one in the 2015 Fragile States Index?
South Sudan
Why do most Third World states, according to Herbst, lack the experience of waging interstate wars as compared to European states?
Absence of external threats
What does Schneckener emphasize about his model of state phases that differentiates it from Rotberg's model?
Each state's development is unique
How many stages are typically used in the qualitative approach to measure state failure?
3 to 5
What is a criticism highlighted by scholars regarding the labeling of states as 'failed states'?
'Failed state' is often used to impose developed states' interests
Which of the following is NOT one of Ulrich Schneckener's core elements in his stage model for state failure?
Resource abundance
What was the number of countries initially ranked by the Fragile States Index in 2005?
75
'Nation-building' by developed countries refers to:
'Well-resourced humanitarian interventions'
'Developed nations and their aid institutions have had a positive impact on many failed states.' - This statement supports the idea that:
'Failed states' recovery is possible with external aid
Which country is currently considered the most stable and sustainable according to the Fragile States Index?
Finland
What does the Fragile States Index categorize states into?
Alert, warning, stable, sustainable
What organization prepares and publishes the annual Fragile States Index?
'Foreign Policy' Magazine
'The typology is based on the security first logic' refers to which researcher's stage model?
'Ulrich Schneckener'
What is identified as the key aspect of state development by Pritchett, Woolcock, and Andrews (2013)?
State administrative capability for implementation
According to Moss, Todd, Pettersson, and Van de Walle (2006), what can the large cash contributions from Western countries lead to in African countries?
Creation of institutions less accountable to citizens
What can undermine the state's monopoly on violence, according to the text?
Empowerment of non-state actors through aid
What unintended consequence can occur when donors delegate aid spending to recipient governments?
Diversion towards self-enrichment of incumbent elites
What technique is suggested for failed states to reach the state capability of developed countries?
Creating context-specific institutions
What did Chesterman and Ignatieff et al. identify as a central problem regarding international action in failed states?
Focus on short-term crisis rather than long-term state-building
What did Berman, Felter, Shapiro, and Trolan find regarding US aid attempts in African agriculture?
'Aid-institutions paradox'
How did US aid to the Colombian military in the 1990s and 2000s lead to an increase in paramilitary violence?
Empowered non-state actors through direct funding
What did Pritchett, Woolcock, and Andrews suggest for failed states to attain substantial development?
Creating context-specific institutions
Why do citizens of failed states tend to be attracted to political violence according to Tiffiany Howard's research?
Because of the lack of effective governance and deteriorating conditions
What aspect of state failure does James Piazza's research suggest leads to an increase in terrorist attacks?
The connection between deteriorating state conditions and political violence
What different approach does Tiffiany Howard take in her research on state failure and terrorism compared to previous studies in Sub-Saharan Africa?
She analyzes individual citizens' decision-making patterns
Based on the text, why do individuals living in failed states gravitate towards political violence according to empirical findings?
Because the state has failed in its duty and threatens their survival
How does contemporary transnational crime leverage globalization and new technologies based on the provided text?
To perpetrate diverse crimes and move assets instantly
Which factor contributes to the attractiveness of failed states for terrorists and insurgents according to previous research mentioned in the text?
The weakened state structures that allow for extremist activity
Which concept involves a combination of international and domestic organizations seeking to rebuild failed states?
Neotrusteeship
According to Wainaina, what is the problem with large cash contributions from Western countries to spur African development?
They do not invest in Africa's growth economically, politically, or socially.
What does Weinstein suggest about allowing failed states to recover on their own?
It inhibits the development of strong internal institutions and capabilities.
What is one proposed solution by Fearon and Laitin to the problem of accountability in failed states?
Empowering a UN body to investigate human rights abuses.
What does Fearon and Laitin believe is necessary to solve the collective action problem in intervening in failed states?
International cooperation.
How does Weinstein argue that war contributes to the development of strong state institutions?
By leading to large expansions in state capabilities.
What is one potential downside identified by Weinstein regarding international intervention in failed states?
Inhibiting state capacity development.
What would Forceon and Laitin's proposal of neotrusteeship involve according to their arguments?
Combating collective action problems with international cooperation.
"Having a single state lead the peacekeeping operation would also help solve which problem according to Fearon and Laitin's proposal?"
'Coordination problem'
What does Weinstein propose regarding allowing failed states to recover?
It fosters the development of strong internal institutions and capabilities.
What is a key dimension of development, in addition to economic growth, that is discussed in the text?
Administrative capability of the state
Why are capability traps considered a problem for failed states?
They exclude local agents from state building
What approach was proposed by Matt, Lant, and Woolcock to escape capability traps in failed states?
Problem Driven Iterative Adaptation (PDIA)
What contributes to the creation of a "Terrorist Black Hole" according to the text?
Terrorist Comparative Advantages
Which factor is NOT mentioned as contributing to governmental weakness in regions that become Terrorist Black Holes?
Technological advancements
What impacts does human capital flight have on failed states?
Exacerbates the severity of failed states
What is the main focus of PDIA as mentioned in the text?
Solving locally nominated performance problems
'Terrorist Black Holes' are regions where:
"Terrorist Comparative Advantages" exist, and government is weak
How does economic underdevelopment contribute to governmental weakness in regions identified as 'Terrorist Black Holes'?
By limiting the resources available for governance
What is a consequence of failed states not having effective refugee resettlement programs?
Weakening of reform movements and modernization efforts
Explore the common characteristics of a failed state, which include a loss of ability to govern, inadequate tax collection, lack of law enforcement, and more. Discover the factors that contribute to the classification of a state as failed.
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