Chapters 8 & 9 - Treatment Designs

Questions and Answers

What is an alternating treatment design?

A design where treatments are applied simultaneously

A design that involves rapid alteration of treatments (correct)

A design that requires treatment withdrawal

A design that evaluates a single treatment over a long period

What does alternating treatment design control for?

Maturation, data instability, sequence effects, and attrition.

Which of the following is an advantage of alternating treatments?

Only uses stable data patterns

Delays intervention start

Minimizes problems of irreversibility (correct)

Requires treatment withdrawal

What is multiple treatment interference?

The effects of a previous treatment can influence the effects of the current treatment. Signup and view all the answers

What is a multiple treatment design?

A reversal design that evaluates the effects of two or more independent variables. Signup and view all the answers

What are simultaneous treatments?

Two or more concurrently operating contingencies. Signup and view all the answers

What is a reversal design?

Implementing and withdrawing an intervention. Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by changing criterion?

Evaluating the effects of a treatment applied in a graduated fashion. Signup and view all the answers

What must be true for each phase in a changing criterion design?

Each phase serves as a baseline for the next phase and must be long enough for stable responding. Signup and view all the answers

The multiple probe approach uses a _____ baseline for teaching behavior.

multiple Signup and view all the answers

How does the multiple probe procedure demonstrate experimental control?

By measuring performance before and after training and ensuring that each skill is only taught after the previous is mastered. Signup and view all the answers

What does a multiple baseline design evaluate?

Simultaneous baseline measurement on two or more behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

A multiple baseline design demonstrates experimental control when behaviors change at any time.

False Signup and view all the answers

What are the three forms that multiple baseline can take?

Across settings, across behaviors, and across subjects. Signup and view all the answers

When is multiple baseline particularly useful?

When evaluating interventions for dangerous behaviors or irreversible effects. Signup and view all the answers

To demonstrate experimental control in a multiple baseline design, what must be considered?

Baselines must be independent enough that changes in one do not affect the others. Signup and view all the answers

How are predictions made in a multiple baseline design?

By assessing baseline data and comparing intervention outcomes. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Alternating Treatment Design

Rapid alteration of two or more treatments to measure effects on target behavior.
Experimental conditions can change daily, per session, or within a session.
Effective in demonstrating experimental control when data paths show little overlap, with one consistently higher.
Helps protect against threats to internal validity like participant attrition and lack of baseline data.
Requires semi-random exposure to each intervention.

Control of Influences in Alternating Treatments

Addresses maturation effects (subject changes during the experiment).
Mitigates data instability and sequence effects (previous treatment influences current treatment).
Reduces issues related to participant attrition.

Advantages of Alternating Treatments

No need for treatment withdrawal.
Allows for quick comparisons between different treatments.
Minimizes irreversibility and sequence effects.
Suitable for unstable data patterns and can assess generalization.
Allows for immediate intervention initiation.

Multiple Treatment Interference

Previous treatment effects can impact current treatment outcomes.
Follow-up with a single treatment phase to evaluate behavior effectively.

Multiple Treatments Design

A reversal design assessing effects of multiple independent variables relative to one another.
Examines differences by comparing conditions through an A-B-A structure.

Simultaneous Treatments (Concurrent Schedules)

Involves two or more concurrently operating contingencies where the subject "chooses" the intervention.
Requires data paths to align on graphs for accurate analysis.

Reversal Design

Involves implementing and withdrawing an intervention (ABA design).
Highly susceptible to sequence effects and may face ethical concerns in effective treatment withdrawal.
Requires at least two reversals to substantiate a functional relationship.

Changing Criterion Design

Evaluates treatment effects applied in a step-wise or graduated manner to a single behavior.
Applicable only to behaviors already within the individual’s repertoire.

Guidelines for Changing Criterion

Each new phase should serve as a baseline for the next, requiring stability in responses.
Phase lengths should vary significantly to enhance validity.
Changes in the size of criteria help demonstrate experimental control.

Multiple Probe Design

Utilizes a multiple baseline approach with discontinuous measurement for teaching behaviors.
Ideal for behaviors that require sequential teaching steps.

Multiple Probe Procedure Steps

Collect 1-3 probes for each step.
If stable low data is observed, implement intervention for the first step until mastery.
Conduct new probes for all steps and repeat until all criteria are met.

Multiple Probe and Experimental Control

Demonstrates control by measuring learner performance before training, during, and after mastering skills.

Multiple Baseline Design

Conducts simultaneous baseline measurements on multiple behaviors.
Interventions are staggered after achieving stable baselines, applied to one behavior at a time.

Experimental Control in Multiple Baseline

Experimental control is shown when behaviors change only upon implementation of the independent variable.

Forms of Multiple Baseline

Across settings: same behavior in different environments.
Across behaviors: same subject exhibiting different behaviors.
Across subjects: same behavior across different individuals.

Utility of Multiple Baseline

Effective for interventions targeting dangerous behaviors or those with irreversible impacts.

Ensuring Experimental Control in Multiple Baseline

Select independent baselines that do not influence each other, yet are similar enough for expected intervention effects.
Vary the lengths of baselines and delay intervention until stability is ensured for increased control strength.

Predictions in Multiple Baseline Designs

Predict behavior occurrences without intervention by analyzing baseline data.
Verify by comparing target behavior rates under intervention with those remaining in baseline, confirming effects replication with each application of the intervention.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the alternating treatment design and various treatment methodologies for measuring behavior change. It covers definitions, applications, and the significance of treatment designs in experimental settings. Enhance your understanding of key concepts in behavior analysis with this informative set of flashcards.