30 Questions
What is the primary function of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the body?
To maintain adequate blood calcium levels
When blood calcium levels are high, which hormone is released to counteract the effects of PTH?
Calcitonin
What is the consequence of high blood calcium levels?
Hardening and damaging of tissues
What is the primary mechanism by which PTH promotes calcium release from bones?
By activating osteoclasts
What is the main dietary source of calcium?
Dairy products
What is the outcome of low blood calcium levels?
Compromised body processes that require calcium
What is the term for sodium deficiency?
Hyponatremia
What is a common symptom of mild hyponatremia?
Nausea
What is a common cause of high blood sodium?
Excessive loss of body water
What is a potential long-term effect of consuming high levels of sodium?
Hypertension
What is the ideal blood pressure according to the text?
120/80 mmHg
Why is it important to maintain a certain level of blood pressure?
To prevent lightheadedness
What is the primary source of sodium in US adults?
Processed foods
What is the effect of oxalate on calcium absorbability?
Decreases calcium absorbability
What is the primary benefit of the DASH diet?
Reducing blood pressure
What is the primary factor affecting iron bioavailability?
Vitamin C intake
What is the primary benefit of water fluoridation?
Preventing dental caries
What is the primary function of the Institute of Medicine's Dietary Reference Intakes?
Establishing dietary recommendations for specific nutrients
Which of the following statements accurately describes minerals?
Mineral deficiencies can lead to various complications in the body.
What characterizes major minerals in terms of dietary requirements?
Needed in larger quantities from the diet compared to minor minerals
Why are carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen called basic organic elements?
They are found in the molecules of living organisms.
Which term is synonymous with minor minerals in the context of dietary requirements?
Trace minerals
How are minerals different from the basic organic elements like carbon and oxygen?
Minerals are inorganic and not bound to carbon.
Which of the following is true regarding the human body's need for a variety of minerals?
Human body requires both major and minor minerals to sustain life.
What are some potential consequences of congenital iodine deficiency in a child?
Mental deficiencies and slowed growth
Which neurological issue can arise in a child due to congenital iodine deficiency?
Difficulties with muscular control
What can iodine excess lead to in terms of thyroid health?
Hyperthyroidism
What is a potential symptom of iodine poisoning?
Diarrhea
What is the recommended supplementation for pregnant women to promote healthy fetal development?
Prenatal vitamins containing iodine
What is the main role of selenium in the body?
Production of thyroid hormones
Learn about the characteristics and importance of minerals, their role in sustaining life, and factors affecting their bioavailability. Explore how mineral deficiencies can lead to various complications.
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