Chapter 8 The Digestive System Review Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the medical term for 'anus'?

an/o

What is the medical term for 'bile, gall'?

chol/e

What is the medical term for 'large intestine'?

col/o

What is the medical term for 'swallowing'?

-phagia Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for 'small intestine'?

enter/o Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for 'stomach'?

gastr/o Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for 'liver'?

hepat/o Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for 'gallbladder'?

cholecyst/o Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for 'esophagus'?

esophag/o Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for 'presence of stones'?

-lithiasis Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for 'sigmoid colon'?

sigmoid/o Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for 'anus and rectum'?

proct/o Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for 'digestion'?

-pepsia Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for 'vomiting'?

-emesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for 'rectum'?

rect/o Signup and view all the answers

What is the visual examination of the anal canal and lower rectum known as?

anoscopy Signup and view all the answers

What does stomatomycosis mean?

any disease of the mouth due to a fungus Signup and view all the answers

What is the last and longest portion of the small intestine called?

ileum Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the inability to control the excretion of feces?

bowel incontinence Signup and view all the answers

What secretion is stored in the gallbladder for later use?

bile Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the colon that travels upward from the cecum to the undersurface of the liver?

ascending colon Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of building up body cells and substances from nutrients known as?

anabolism Signup and view all the answers

Where are the receptors of taste located?

tongue Signup and view all the answers

What do we call the bone and soft tissues that surround and support the teeth?

periodontium Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by the telescoping of one part of the intestine into another?

intussusception Signup and view all the answers

What connects the small and large intestine?

cecum Signup and view all the answers

What is the S-shaped structure of the large intestine called?

sigmoid colon Signup and view all the answers

What is the widest division of the large intestine?

rectum Signup and view all the answers

What is the middle portion of the small intestine called?

jejunum Signup and view all the answers

What is the first portion of the small intestine?

duodenum Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for vomiting blood?

hematemesis Signup and view all the answers

What virus is transmitted mainly through contaminated food and water?

hepatitis A Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by a severe reaction to foods containing gluten?

celiac disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for inflammation of the small intestine?

enteritis Signup and view all the answers

What hangs from the free edge of the soft palate?

uvula Signup and view all the answers

What is the surgical removal of the last portion of the ileum called?

ileectomy Signup and view all the answers

What is the bacterial infection that occurs mostly in hot countries and is spread through contaminated food or water?

dysentery Signup and view all the answers

What is the chronic degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring?

cirrhosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the surgical fixation of the rectum to some adjacent tissue or organ called?

proctopexy Signup and view all the answers

What is the lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by the salivary glands called?

xerostomia Signup and view all the answers

What do the abbreviations UC, COL, GERD, IBS, and PUD stand for?

ulcerative colitis, colonoscopy, gastroesophageal reflux disease, irritable bowel syndrome, peptic ulcer disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the surgical removal of all or part of the stomach called?

gastrectomy Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for difficulty in swallowing?

dysphagia Signup and view all the answers

What is the involuntary grinding or clenching of the teeth called?

bruxism Signup and view all the answers

What chronic condition of the liver is often caused by excessive alcohol abuse?

cirrhosis Signup and view all the answers

What causes jaundice?

an excess of bilirubin Signup and view all the answers

What is the excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking called?

aerophagia Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the return of swallowed food to the mouth?

regurgitation Signup and view all the answers

What condition is a yellow discoloration of the skin due to an excess of bilirubin?

jaundice Signup and view all the answers

What is the ring-like muscle that controls the flow from the stomach to the small intestine?

pyloric sphincter Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for solid body wastes expelled through the rectum?

feces Signup and view all the answers

What is an endoscopic procedure for direct visualization of the upper GI tract called?

esophagogastroduodenoscopy Signup and view all the answers

What is a dental specialist who prevents or treats disorders of the tissues surrounding the teeth called?

periodontist Signup and view all the answers

What is an endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and possibly a portion of the descending colon called?

sigmoidoscopy Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for medication administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting?

antiemetic Signup and view all the answers

What is the establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and the duodenum called?

gastroduodenostomy Signup and view all the answers

What is the partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine called?

ileus Signup and view all the answers

What is the abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity called?

ascites Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean to be without natural teeth?

edentulous Signup and view all the answers

What is excessive vomiting known as?

hyperemesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the surgical procedure performed to create an artificial excretory opening between the colon and body surface called?

colostomy Signup and view all the answers

What is another term for heartburn?

pyrosis Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by repeated passage of black, tarry, and foul-smelling stools due to the presence of digested blood?

melena Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for having inflammation of one or more diverticula?

diverticulitis Signup and view all the answers

What are blister-like sores on the lips and adjacent facial tissue called?

herpes labialis Signup and view all the answers

What is the medical term for bad breath?

halitosis Signup and view all the answers

What test detects hidden blood in the stools?

Hemocult Signup and view all the answers

What is a surgical connection between two hollow or tubular structures called?

anastomosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the eating disorder characterized by voluntary starvation and excessive exercising?

anorexia nervosa Signup and view all the answers

What is the hardened deposit that forms on the teeth called?

calculus Signup and view all the answers

What is the surgical removal of all or part of the liver called?

hepatectomy Signup and view all the answers

What is the surgical suturing of a stomach wound called?

gastrorrhaphy Signup and view all the answers

What is pain in the esophagus called?

esophagalgia Signup and view all the answers

What is the surgical removal of all or part of the sigmoid colon called?

sigmoidectomy Signup and view all the answers

What is pain in and around the anus and rectum called?

proctalgia Signup and view all the answers

What is the surgical fixation of the stomach to correct displacement called?

gastropexy Signup and view all the answers

What is inflammation of the sigmoid colon known as?

sigmoiditis Signup and view all the answers

What is the surgical removal of all or part of the esophagus and stomach called?

esophagogastrectomy Signup and view all the answers

What term means relating to the liver and intestines?

hepatoenteric Signup and view all the answers

What is abnormal enlargement of the liver called?

hepatomegaly Signup and view all the answers

What is inflammation of the stomach, small intestine, and colon known as?

gastroenterocolitis Signup and view all the answers

What is an acute infection of the bile duct characterized by pain in the upper right abdomen?

cholangitis Signup and view all the answers

What condition is caused by the abnormal growth of bacteria in the mouth?

acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis Signup and view all the answers

What is an incision in the common bile duct for the removal of gallstones called?

choledocholithotomy Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anatomy of the Digestive System

Anus: Terminology represented as an/o.
Bile (Gall): Refers to chol/e.
Large Intestine: Denoted by col/o.
Small Intestine: Represented by enter/o.
Stomach: Identified as gastr/o.
Liver: Described with the term hepat/o.
Gallbladder: Known as cholecyst/o.
Esophagus: Termed esophag/o.
Rectum: Denoted as rect/o.
Sigmoid Colon: Identified by sigmoid/o.

Functions and Processes

Swallowing: Termed -phagia.
Digestion: Associated with -pepsia.
Vomiting: Denoted as -emesis.
Presence of Stones: Refers to -lithiasis.
Inflammation of the Small Intestine: Medical term enteritis.

Conditions and Diseases

Bowel Incontinence: Inability to control feces excretion.
Hematemeis: Means vomiting blood.
Cirrhosis: Chronic liver disease marked by degeneration and scarring.
Jaundice: Yellow skin discoloration caused by excess bilirubin.
Diverticulitis: Inflammation of diverticula.
Dysentery: Bacterial infection mainly spread through contaminated food or water.

Medical Procedures

Anoscopy: Visual examination of the anal canal and lower rectum.
Colonoscopy (COL): Examination of the colon.
Gastrectomy: Surgical removal of the stomach.
Hepatectomy: Surgical removal of the liver.
Gastroduodenostomy: Anastomosis between the stomach and duodenum.

Symptoms and Signs

Halitosis: Bad breath.
Aerophagia: Excessive swallowing of air.
Melena: Black, tarry stools indicating digested blood.
Dysphagia: Difficulty swallowing.
Xerostomia: Dry mouth due to reduced saliva.

Specialized Terms

Periodontium: Supportive structures around teeth.
Proctalgia: Pain in the anus and rectum.
Bruxism: Involuntary grinding or clenching of the teeth.
Hyperemesis: Excessive vomiting.
Androgenic: Related to an abnormal growth of the colon.

Miscellaneous

Cholangitis: Infection of the bile duct.
Choledocholithotomy: Incision in the bile duct for gallstone removal.
Ileus: Partial or complete intestinal blockage.
Ascites: Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity.
Proctopexy: Surgical fixation of the rectum.

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Test your knowledge of key terms related to the digestive system with this set of flashcards. Each flashcard features a word associated with the digestive anatomy and its corresponding medical terminology. Perfect for students revising Chapter 8.