Questions and Answers
Which of the following are functions of the skeletal system? (Select all that apply)
What is the term for a bone structure that is longer than wide?
Long bone
What is a short bone?
Bone that includes wrist and ankle bones.
What are flat bones?
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What describes an irregular bone?
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What is ossification?
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What are the two types of bone? (Select all that apply)
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What is an osteon?
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What is the shaft of a long bone?
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What are trabeculae?
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What is spongy bone also called?
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What is the scientific name for bone tissue?
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What are osteoblasts?
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What is compact bone?
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What is diaphysis?
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What is an epiphysis?
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What is the epiphyseal disc?
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What is the medullary cavity?
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What is the endosteum?
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What is the periosteum?
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What is articular cartilage?
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What are osteoclasts?
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What is bone resorption?
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What is the axial skeleton?
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What is the appendicular skeleton?
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What is the cranium?
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What is the frontal bone?
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What do parietal bones form?
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What are temporal bones?
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What is the external auditory meatus?
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What is the zygomatic process?
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What is the styloid process?
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What is the mastoid process?
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What is the occipital bone?
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What is the foramen magnum?
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What are condyles?
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What is the sphenoid bone?
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What is the sella turcica?
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What is the ethmoid bone?
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What is the mandible?
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What is the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)?
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What is the maxilla?
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What do palatine bones form?
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What are zygomatic bones?
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What are sinuses?
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What are paranasal sinuses?
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What is a suture?
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What is microcephalia?
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What is hydrocephalus?
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What is the hyoid bone?
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What are ossicles?
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What is the vertebral column?
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What are vertebrae?
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What is the vertebra prominens?
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What is the sacrum?
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What is the coccyx?
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What is the atlas?
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What is the axis?
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What is the vertebral foramen?
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What is spina bifida?
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What is scoliosis?
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What is kyphosis?
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What is lordosis?
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What are the three types of vertebrae in the back? (Select all that apply)
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What does thorax refer to?
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What is the sternum?
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What is the manubrium?
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What is the xiphoid process?
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What are true ribs? (Select all that apply)
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What are false ribs? (Select all that apply)
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What are floating ribs? (Select all that apply)
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What are intercostal muscles?
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What are costal margins?
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What is the shoulder girdle?
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What is the clavicle?
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What is the scapula?
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What is the glenoid cavity?
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What is the pelvic girdle?
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What is the obturator foramen?
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What are trochanters?
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What is the tibial tuberosity?
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What is the medial malleolus?
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What is the lateral malleolus?
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What is an articulation?
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What are the three types of joints? (Select all that apply)
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What is a joint capsule?
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What is synovial fluid?
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What are bursae?
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What are supporting ligaments?
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What is a hinge joint?
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What is a ball-and-socket joint?
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What is a pivot joint?
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What is a saddle joint?
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What is a gliding joint?
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What is a condyloid joint?
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What are the medial and lateral meniscus?
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What are cruciate ligaments?
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What is flexion?
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What is extension?
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What is plantar flexion?
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Study Notes
Functions of the Skeletal System
- Supports body weight and protects vital organs.
- Enables movement in coordination with muscles.
- Stores essential minerals such as calcium and phosphorus.
- Contains bone marrow responsible for blood cell production.
Types of Bones
- Long Bones: Include arms, legs, and fingers; longer than wide.
- Short Bones: Found in wrists and ankles.
- Flat Bones: Comprise the skull and sternum.
- Irregular Bones: Include hip bones and vertebrae.
Bone Characteristics
- Ossification: Process of bone formation.
- Types of Bone: Compact (hard) and spongy (soft).
- Osteon: The structural unit of compact bone, also known as the Haversian system.
- Trabeculae: Plate arrangement characteristic of spongy bone.
Bone Structure
- Diaphysis: The long shaft made of compact bone.
- Epiphysis: Ends of long bones, covered by cartilage and form joints.
- Medullary Cavity: Hollow center of diaphysis containing yellow bone marrow.
- Endosteum: Connective tissue lining the medullary cavity.
- Periosteum: Tough connective tissue covering the outer surface of bones.
- Articular Cartilage: Covers the ends of bones in synovial joints.
Bone Cells
- Osteoblasts: Bone-forming cells that secrete minerals and protein fibers.
- Osteoclasts: Cells responsible for bone resorption and breakdown of bone matrix.
Skeleton Overview
- Axial Skeleton: Includes the skull, spinal column, sternum, and ribs.
- Appendicular Skeleton: Comprises the pectoral and pelvic girdles plus upper and lower limbs.
Specific Skull Bones
- Cranium: Protects the brain.
- Frontal Bone: Forms the forehead and eye sockets.
- Parietal Bones: Form the upper sides and roof of the cranium.
- Temporal Bones: Located at the sides of the head, near the ears, housing the auditory meatus.
- Occipital Bone: Found at the back of the skull; contains the foramen magnum for spinal cord attachment.
- Mandible: The lower jawbone, only movable in the skull.
- Maxilla: Upper jaw bone.
Ribs and Breasts
- True Ribs: First seven pairs, attach directly to the sternum.
- False Ribs: Last five pairs, attach indirectly to the sternum.
- Floating Ribs: Last two pairs, do not attach to the sternum.
- Sternum: Comprises the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process.
Vertebral Column Anatomy
- Composed of 26 vertebrae: cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, and coccyx.
- Atlas and Axis: Allow for movement of the head (nodding and rotation).
- Intervertebral Foramina: Openings for nerves.
- Spina Bifida: Condition resulting from failure of the lamina to fuse during development.
Joints and Movement
- Joint types: immovable, slightly movable, and freely movable.
- Synovial Fluid: Lubricates joints, secreted by the synovial membrane.
- Joint types include hinge (elbow), ball-and-socket (shoulder), pivot (neck), and more.
- Meniscus: Cartilage pads in the knee aiding stability.
Movements
- Flexion: Bending a joint.
- Extension: Straightening a flexed limb.
- Plantar Flexion: Pointing toes downward.
Additional Anatomical Features
- Obturator Foramen: Largest foramen in the body formed by pelvic bone fusion.
- Trochanters: Sites on the femur for muscle attachment.
- Medial and Lateral Malleolus: Bones at the inner and outer ankle.
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Description
Explore key concepts of the skeletal system with these flashcards. Learn about the functions of bones, types of bones, and their roles in the human body. Perfect for review and memorization of essential terms related to the skeletal system.