Chapter 8: Nutrition and Digestion (MCQs)

Chapter 8: Nutrition and Digestion (MCQs)

• Polypeptides are digested into amino acids by the enzyme erepsin, not amylase, catalase, or lipase.
• Vessel Y in the diagram is the hepatic portal vein, which carries glucose absorbed from the intestines.
• Plants absorb carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen from the soil.
• Digestion stages X, Y, and Z are proteins, polypeptides (amino acids), and amino acids, respectively.
• Magnesium deficiency in plants can lead to increased water loss, slow sugar transport, and/or no chlorophyll formation. It can also deactivate enzymes.
• Food items shown are primary sources of carbohydrates.
• Energy requirements vary based on age, gender, and activity level.
• Adult males generally require more calories than younger males.
• The diagram depicts a biochemical cycle (likely the urea cycle).

Vitamin C

• Vitamin C sources include oranges and guava, playing a role in forming collagen.
• Vitamin C does not form rhodopsin.

Digestive System

• Pepsin in the small intestine is denatured from partial digestion.
• Bowel problems (pain in abdomen, difficulty expelling feces, infrequent bowel movements) can indicate constipation.
• Wholemeal bread, banana, lettuce, and cabbage are rich in fiber.
• Assimilation is the use of glucose in respiration.
• Symptoms (abdominal pain, nausea, loss of appetite, abdominal burning) can indicate peptic ulcers, diarrhea, or constipation.
• Energy requirements differ according to age, sex, and activity level.

Correct about Iron

• Dietary sources include red meat and egg yolk. These help with healing wounds, but not oxygen transport.

Vitamins

• Night blindness, poor growth, and dry skin point to a vitamin A deficiency.
• Digestive enzymes are secreted by different organs; liver, pancreas, and gall bladder; stomach, liver, and large intestine; stomach, pancreas, and small intestine; gall bladder, small intestine, and large intestine.

Emulsification

• In the digestive process, emulsification breaks down larger fat molecules.
• Emulsification in the human body converts larger molecules of fat to smaller fat molecules.

Human Digestive System

• The diagram shows the pathway for peristalsis in the esophagus, where longitudinal muscles contract (or relax) and allow food bolus down the digestive tract.
• The diagram shows the correct pathway for the food bolus to enter the stomach, through the esophagus and cardiac sphincter.
• Chemical digestion of food begins in the stomach, and then continues in the small intestine.
• Starch is converted to maltose in the mouth; the pancreas and intestines secrete enzymes.
• Enzymes such as trypsin and pepsin are involved in digestion. They have different optimal pH levels in the various parts of the digestive tract.

Blood Vessels

• Vessel Y, is the hepatic portal vein, taking glucose into the liver.

Human Body

• Fat digestion requires bile salts to break down fat globules into droplets. Fat digestion occurs in the duodenum.
• In the stomach, gastric juice and pepsinogen aid in digestion, and the acidic pH of the stomach affects these.
• Damaged cilia from smoking can lead to conditions like bronchitis, emphysema, pneumonia, or tuberculosis.
• The pH of the human digestive system affects enzyme function.

Other Relevant Information

• Phytonadione (vitamin K) plays a role in blood clotting.
• Common sources of dietary fiber include wholemeal bread, bananas, lettuce, and cabbage.
• Human digestive system features include the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine.
• Microbial activity and the digestive system help with nutrient absorption in the small intestines.