NURS 3210 CH 8 PPT
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Questions and Answers

What is the main concern regarding proteins produced by artificial methods?

They can be immunogenic.

What type of organisms are used to manufacture recombinant forms of human insulin?

Escherichia coli bacterial genome

What is the main difference between gene therapy and traditional gene technology?

Gene therapy involves the transfer of DNA segments into the patient's body, whereas traditional gene technology involves the production of recombinant forms of drugs.

What is the purpose of the NIH Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant DNA Molecules?

<p>To regulate gene therapy research</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of eugenics?

<p>The intentional selection of desirable genotypes before birth</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the current limitation of gene therapy research in the US?

<p>It is limited to somatic cells only</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for the NIH's restriction on funding gene therapy research in germ-line cells?

<p>Due to ethical concerns</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of recombinant DNA technology in the production of insulin?

<p>It has enabled the production of a majority of the world's medical insulin supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of viruses in gene therapy?

<p>They are used for gene transfer</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between gene therapy and traditional medicine?

<p>Gene therapy involves the transfer of DNA segments to treat a disease, whereas traditional medicine involves the use of drugs or surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary unit of heredity in an organism, and what does it contain?

<p>A gene, which contains the genetic information encoded in DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a genetic disease and an acquired disease?

<p>A genetic disease is caused by inherited genetic mutations, while an acquired disease is caused by environmental factors or lifestyle choices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Human Genome Project?

<p>To identify the estimated 30,000 genes and 3 billion base pairs in the DNA of an entire human genome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four organic bases found in DNA?

<p>Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), and Cytosine (C).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of gene therapy?

<p>To treat or prevent disease by using genetic material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of pharmacogenetics?

<p>Single-gene variations in drug response</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of introducing new genes into the body to fight a disease?

<p>Gene transfer, which involves injecting segments of DNA into the patient's body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate goal of pharmacogenomics in terms of patient care?

<p>Individualized drug therapy based on a patient's genetic makeup</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of recombinant DNA (rDNA) in gene therapy?

<p>To artificially produce DNA sequences that can be used to replace faulty genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial aspect of a nurse's role in pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics?

<p>Taking thorough patient, family, and drug histories</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the limitations of gene therapy?

<p>Viruses used for gene transfer can induce viral disease and can be immunogenic in the human host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse do when faced with a situation that may warrant further genetic testing?

<p>Recognize the situation and initiate further investigation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?

<p>Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, while phenotype refers to the physical and behavioral characteristics of an organism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential for nurses to maintain confidentiality and privacy when dealing with genetic information?

<p>To protect against improper disclosure of genetic information to unauthorized individuals or entities</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse do when a patient's family member requests access to genetic test results?

<p>Remind the family member that private information cannot be discussed without the patient's permission</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is pharmacogenomics, and how is it related to gene therapy?

<p>Pharmacogenomics is the study of how genetic variations affect an individual's response to drugs, and it is related to gene therapy in that it can help tailor gene therapy to an individual's specific genetic needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary responsibility of nurses in relation to genetic information?

<p>Protecting patients and their families against the misuse of genetic information</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does pharmacogenomics combine two scientific disciplines to improve drug therapy?

<p>By combining pharmacology and genomics</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate goal of pharmacogenomics in terms of patient care?

<p>Individualized drug therapy based on a patient's genetic makeup</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential for nurses to identify resources for patients undergoing genetic testing?

<p>To provide patients with access to necessary support and information</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Basic Principles of Genetic Inheritance

  • Nucleic acids: DNA and RNA
  • Chromosomes and genes, including alleles (dominant and recessive)
  • Genotype and phenotype
  • Inherited disease, genetic disease, and acquired disease
  • Genetic predisposition

Genetics

  • Defined as the study of the structure, function, and inheritance of genes
  • Involves heredity, the qualities that are genetically transferred from one generation to the next during reproduction
  • Includes genomics, the study of the structure, function, and inheritance of genes

Human Genome Project (HGP)

  • Started in 1990 and completed in 2003
  • Identified the estimated 30,000 genes and 3 billion base pairs in the DNA of an entire human genome
  • Developed new tools for genetic data analysis and storage

Gene Therapy

  • Experimental technique using genetic material to treat or prevent disease
  • Methods include replacing a mutated gene with a healthy copy, introducing a new gene to help fight disease, and inactivating a mutated gene
  • Gene transfer involves injecting DNA into the patient's body using viruses as vectors
  • Limitations include the risk of viral disease and immunogenicity of proteins produced by artificial methods

rDNA Technology

  • Involves the use of recombinant DNA vectors in the laboratory to make recombinant forms of drugs
  • Examples include hormones, vaccines, antitoxins, and monoclonal antibodies
  • Escherichia coli bacterial genome is used to manufacture recombinant human insulin

Regulatory and Ethical Issues

  • National Institutes of Health (NIH) Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant DNA Molecules
  • Eugenics, or intentional selection before birth of genotypes considered more desirable than others, is a concern
  • Gene therapy research in the US is limited to somatic cells, and germ-line (reproductive) cell therapy is not approved for funding by the NIH

Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics

  • Pharmacogenetics: the study of genetic variations in drug response, focusing on single-gene variations
  • Pharmacogenomics: the combination of pharmacology and genomics, involving how genetics affect the body's response to drugs
  • Individualized drug therapy based on a patient's genetic makeup is a goal of pharmacogenomics

Nursing Implications

  • Take thorough patient, family, and drug histories
  • Recognize situations that may warrant further genetic testing
  • Identify resources for patients and provide teaching
  • Maintain confidentiality and ensure informed consent is obtained

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Chapter_008.pptx

Description

This quiz covers the basics of genetic inheritance, including nucleic acids, chromosomes, genes, alleles, genotype, phenotype, and genetic diseases. It also touches on gene therapy and pharmacogenomics.

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