Chapter 7:10 Respiratory System Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What happens to air when it enters the nasal cavity?

Warms, filters, moistens

What do cilia do?

Traps germs and pathogens. Pushes them towards the esophagus

What are cilia?

Tiny hairlike structures in nasal cavity

What are the 3 sections of pharynx?

<p>Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is speech produced?

<p>The air enters lungs, vocal cords vibrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

What prevents food and liquids from entering the respiratory tract?

<p>Epiglottis</p> Signup and view all the answers

The alveoli contain what rich network of?

<p>Blood capillaries</p> Signup and view all the answers

The allow for exchange between the bloodstream and the lungs.

<p>Carbon and lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

The inner surfaces of alveoli are covered with a lipid substance called?

<p>Surfactant</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the left lung smaller than the right lung?

<p>The heart is located on the left side of the chest</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is inspiration?

<p>Breathing air</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is expiration?

<p>Exhaling</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is ventilation?

<p>The process of breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is external respiration?

<p>Exchange of oxygen and carbon between the alveoli and lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is internal respiration?

<p>Exchange of oxygen and carbon between the bloodstream and the tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is cellular respiration?

<p>The exchange of oxygen and carbon and nutrients in the cells to produce energy, water, and oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the respiratory center in the medulla oblongata of the brain to increase the rate of respirations?

<p>Increased amount of carbon in the blood or decreased amount of oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is bronchitis?

<p>Inflammation of bronchi and bronchiolar tubes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is influenza?

<p>Highly contagious viral infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is sinusitis?

<p>Inflammation of mucous membrane lining sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is emphysema?

<p>Walls of alveoli deteriorate, lose the elasticity</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is epistaxis?

<p>A nosebleed</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is tuberculosis?

<p>Infectious lung disease caused by bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is asthma?

<p>Bronchospasms narrow the openings of the bronchioles</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is rhinitis?

<p>Inflammation of nasal mucous membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is COPD?

<p>Any chronic lung disease that results in obstruction of the airways</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is pleurisy?

<p>Inflammation of the membranes of the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is laryngitis?

<p>Inflammation of the voicebox and vocal cords</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does CPAP stand for?

<p>Continuous positive airway pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is CPAP used for?

<p>Uses air pressure to keep the airway open and prevent sleep apnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an upper respiratory infection?

<p>Inflammation of the mucous lining of the upper respiratory tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is crepitation?

<p>Grating sounds in the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is thoracentesis?

<p>Withdrawal of fluid through a needle</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is pneumonia?

<p>Inflammation or infection of the lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is obstructive sleep apnea?

<p>Blockage in an air passage</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is central sleep apnea?

<p>Disorder in respiratory center of the brain</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does visceral refer to in relation to the lungs?

<p>Attached to surface of lung</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many lobes does the visceral lung have?

<p>3 - on right side</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does parietal refer to in relation to the lungs?

<p>Attached to the chest wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many lobes does the parietal lung have?

<p>2 - left side</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Air processing

Air is warmed, filtered, and moistened in the nasal cavity.

Cilia

Tiny hairlike structures that trap germs in the respiratory tract.

Pharynx sections

The pharynx consists of nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.

Speech production

Speech is produced by air causing vocal cords to vibrate.

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Epiglottis function

Prevents food and liquids from entering the respiratory tract.

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Alveoli

Air sacs in the lungs for gas exchange with blood capillaries.

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Surfactant

Lipid substance that coats the inner surface of alveoli.

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Left lung size

The left lung is smaller due to the heart's position.

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Inspiration

The act of breathing in air.

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Expiration

The act of exhaling air.

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Ventilation

The overall process of breathing.

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External respiration

Gas exchange between alveoli and lungs.

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Internal respiration

Gas exchange between the bloodstream and body tissues.

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Cellular respiration

The process of exchanging gases in cells to produce energy.

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Medulla oblongata

Part of the brain that regulates respiration rate.

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Bronchitis

Inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles.

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Influenza

Highly contagious viral infection of the respiratory system.

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Sinusitis

Inflammation of the sinus mucous membrane.

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Emphysema

Deterioration of alveolar walls, causing loss of elasticity.

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Epistaxis

Commonly known as a nosebleed.

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Tuberculosis

Infectious lung disease caused by bacteria.

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Asthma

Condition with bronchospasms narrowing bronchioles.

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Rhinitis

Inflammation of nasal mucous membranes.

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COPD

Chronic lung disease obstructing airways.

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Pleurisy

Inflammation of the membranes surrounding the lungs.

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Laryngitis

Inflammation of the voice box and vocal cords.

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CPAP therapy

Uses air pressure to keep airways open.

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Crepitations

Abnormal sounds heard in the lungs.

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Thoracentesis

Procedure to withdraw fluid from the pleural space.

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Pneumonia

Characterized by lung inflammation or infection.

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Obstructive sleep apnea

Caused by blockages in air passages during sleep.

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Central sleep apnea

Arises from disorders in the respiratory center of the brain.

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Visceral pleura

Membrane attached to the surface of the lungs.

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Parietal pleura

Membrane attached to the chest wall.

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Study Notes

Air Processing in the Respiratory System

  • Air entering the nasal cavity is warmed, filtered, and moistened.
  • Cilia are tiny hairlike structures that trap germs and push them toward the esophagus.

Pharynx Structure

  • The pharynx consists of three sections: nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.

Speech Production

  • Speech is produced when air enters the lungs and causes vocal cords to vibrate.

Protective Mechanisms

  • The epiglottis prevents food and liquids from entering the respiratory tract.

Alveoli Functionality

  • Alveoli contain a rich network of blood capillaries, allowing for gas exchange between the bloodstream and lungs.
  • The inner surfaces of alveoli are covered with a lipid substance called surfactant.

Lung Anatomy

  • The left lung is smaller than the right lung due to the positioning of the heart on the left side of the chest.

Breathing Processes

  • Inspiration refers to the act of breathing in air, while expiration is the act of exhaling.
  • Ventilation is the overall process of breathing.

Gas Exchange

  • External respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and lungs.
  • Internal respiration is the exchange of these gases between the bloodstream and body tissues.

Cellular Respiration

  • Cellular respiration involves the exchange of oxygen and carbon within cells to produce energy, water, and carbon dioxide.

Respiratory Regulation

  • The respiratory center in the medulla oblongata increases the rate of respiration in response to higher carbon levels or lower oxygen levels in the blood.

Common Respiratory Conditions

  • Bronchitis is the inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles.
  • Influenza is a highly contagious viral infection affecting the respiratory system.
  • Sinusitis refers to the inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the sinus.
  • Emphysema involves the deterioration of alveolar walls, resulting in loss of elasticity.
  • Epistaxis is commonly known as a nosebleed.
  • Tuberculosis is an infectious lung disease caused by bacteria.
  • Asthma consists of bronchospasms that narrow the openings of the bronchioles.
  • Rhinitis is the inflammation of nasal mucous membranes.
  • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) includes any chronic lung disease that obstructs airways.
  • Pleurisy is the inflammation of the membranes surrounding the lungs.
  • Laryngitis is the inflammation of the voice box and vocal cords.

Treatment and Monitoring

  • CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) therapy uses air pressure to keep airways open and is often used for sleep apnea.
  • Upper respiratory infections result in inflammation of the mucous lining of the upper respiratory tract.
  • Crepitations are abnormal sounds heard in the lungs.
  • Thoracentesis is a procedure to withdraw fluid from the pleural space using a needle.
  • Pneumonia is characterized by inflammation or infection of the lungs.
  • Obstructive sleep apnea is caused by blockages in the air passages during sleep, while central sleep apnea arises from disorders in the respiratory center of the brain.

Lung Anatomy Details

  • The visceral pleura is attached to the surface of the lungs, with three lobes in the right lung.
  • The parietal pleura is attached to the chest wall, with two lobes in the left lung.

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Test your knowledge of the respiratory system with these flashcards based on Chapter 7:10. Each card covers key concepts such as the function of air in the nasal cavity, cilia's role, and the sections of the pharynx. Perfect for quick reviews and learning important definitions.

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