Chapter 7- Social Structures Theories Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What type of violence is committed for emotions and not for profit?

  • Instrumental crime
  • Marital exemption
  • Sexual Assault
  • Expressive violence (correct)
  • When did Canada abolish the marital exemption for sexual consent?

  • 1975
  • 2000
  • 1993
  • 1983 (correct)
  • What term replaced 'rape' in the Criminal Code in 1983?

  • Instrumental crime
  • Marital exemption
  • Expressive violence
  • Sexual assault (correct)
  • In what year did Italy abolish the marital exemption allowing a husband to rape his wife?

    <p>1993</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of crime involves using violence as a means to an end to achieve a specific goal?

    <p>Instrumental crime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not one of the goals of victim-offender reconciliation programs?

    <p>Punishment of offenders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the connection between left realism and the views of British scholars Lea and Young?

    <p>Left realism is influenced by Lea and Young's work in the 1980s, which viewed street criminals as preying on the poor and disenfranchised.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key idea behind the concept of 'pre-emptive deterrence' in community organization efforts?

    <p>Community organization efforts can reduce crime before it is necessary to use police intervention.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors can result in harsher treatment in the criminal justice system?

    <p>Being single, young, urban, and male</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key idea behind the concept of 'surplus value' in Marxist criminology?

    <p>The wealth produced by labor exceeds their wages, and that surplus wealth goes to the capitalist class as profit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following theories emphasizes that crime is learned behavior through a combination of differential association and learning?

    <p>Differential reinforcement theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of white-collar crime according to the text?

    <p>Uses the marketplace for criminal activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Price Waterhouse Survey mentioned, what is a common form of occupational crime?

    <p>Cheque fraud</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Geis argue that white-collar crime is more serious than street crime?

    <p>It destroys confidence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the 2002 KPMG survey highlight as a factor creating opportunities for fraud?

    <p>High turnover of middle level managers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of crime involves illegal acts committed by government officials?

    <p>Government crime</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of crimes include violations of safety standards and environmental pollution?

    <p>White-collar crimes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key premise of social process theories regarding criminality?

    <p>Everyone has the potential to be criminal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are ages four to nine considered critical in terms of family relations according to the text?

    <p>During these ages, children are more susceptible to environmental influences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does single parenthood have on children's likelihood of entering a criminal career?

    <p>Single parenthood increases economic stress, which can heighten the chances of entering a criminal career</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to social process theories, where does crime often occur in relation to educational experiences?

    <p>Crime occurs at school</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main concept of Differential Association theory proposed by Edwin H.?

    <p>Individuals learn criminal behavior through techniques and attitudes from significant others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does social learning theory differ from labelling theory in explaining criminal behavior?

    <p>Social learning theory focuses on individual's interactions while labelling theory emphasizes self-identification with deviant labels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of white-collar crime involves financial fraud or get-rich schemes?

    <p>Stings and swindles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of occupational chiselling?

    <p>A pharmacist substituting generic drugs for brand-name drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of individual exploitation of position?

    <p>Securities fraud, such as insider trading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of white-collar crime involves the theft or misuse of funds by employees?

    <p>Embezzlement and employee fraud</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which area of business might influence peddling and bribery occur?

    <p>Government contracts</p> Signup and view all the answers

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