Chapter 6: Motivation and Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Quiz

Motivation

• Motivation is a need, desire, or condition that energizes and directs behavior.
• It is experienced subjectively as a conscious desire for biological drives (e.g., hunger, thirst), security, appreciation, affection, or achievement.
• Motivation can be directed or controlled according to one's choice.

Types of Motivation

• Intrinsic motivation: motivation that comes from within a person.
• Extrinsic motivation: motivation that comes from external factors.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

• Includes needs such as breathing, food, water, sleep, and homeostasis.
• Also includes needs for security, friendship, and family.

Motivational Interviewing

• Motivational Interviewing (MI) consists of having productive conversations with patients about behavior change.
• It can be used by all medical and healthcare professionals, besides counselors.
• MI is not a technique for tricking people into doing what they do not want to do.
• Patients are never totally unmotivated.

Positive Effects of Motivational Interviewing

• Patients continue and complete medical treatment and follow up.
• Patients adhere to glucose monitoring and improve glycemic control.
• Patients increase exercise and fruit and vegetable intake.
• Patients reduce stress and sodium intake.
• Patients keep food diaries.
• Patients reduce unprotected sex and needle-sharing.
• Patients improve medication adherence.
• Patients decrease alcohol and illicit drug use and quit smoking.
• Patients have fewer subsequent injuries and hospitalizations.

How Motivational Interviewing Works

• MI works by activating patients' own motivation for change and adherence to treatment.
• It skillfully elicits from patients their own motivations for making behavior changes in the interest of their health.
• MI involves guiding more than directing.
• It consists of listening rather than telling.

The Four Guiding Principles of MI

• R - Resist the righting reflex (avoid giving advice).
• U - Understand the patient's motivations.
• L - Listen to the patient.
• E - Empower the patient.

Core Communication Skills in MI

• Asking open-ended questions.
• Listening to the patient's content and feeling.
• Informing the patient in a neutral and empathic manner.
• Chunking and checking information.
• Eliciting and providing information.
• Eliciting commitment from the patient.

Practicing Motivational Interviewing Skills

• Use the guiding principles R-U-L-E in the order of L-U-R-E.
• Practice motivational interviewing skills to develop proficiency.