Chapter 5 - The Spirit of Independence Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What was the French & Indian War?

A naval battle

A war for independence

Conflict between France and Great Britain (correct)

A land dispute solely in Europe

What were militias primarily composed of during the 1700s?

Civilian soldiers, mostly farmers

What was the Albany Plan of Union intended to address?

If the French attacked, other colonies would help defend.

Who authored the Albany Plan of Union?

Benjamin Franklin Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Treaty of Paris?

It ended the French & Indian War. Signup and view all the answers

What did the Proclamation of 1763 prevent?

Colonists from moving west of the Appalachian Mountains Signup and view all the answers

What was Pontiac's Rebellion?

A Native American uprising against European settlers Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'revenue' refer to?

Incoming money Signup and view all the answers

What is a resolution in a formal context?

A formal expression of opinion Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean to boycott?

To refuse to buy a product Signup and view all the answers

What does repeal mean?

To cancel a law Signup and view all the answers

What were writs of assistance?

Documents that allowed tax collectors to search private property Signup and view all the answers

What is nonimportation?

Agreements by merchants not to buy products from certain countries Signup and view all the answers

Who were the Sons of Liberty?

A group of male colonists who protested taxes Signup and view all the answers

Who was Samuel Adams?

Founder and leader of the Sons of Liberty Signup and view all the answers

Where did the American Revolution start?

Boston Signup and view all the answers

What was the Sugar Act?

Lowered tax on molasses to encourage colonists to stop smuggling Signup and view all the answers

What does smuggling refer to?

Bringing something into a country illegally Signup and view all the answers

What was the Stamp Act?

A law that taxed printed goods Signup and view all the answers

What did Patrick Henry famously say?

'Give me liberty or give me death.' Signup and view all the answers

What were the Townshend Acts?

Laws that taxed glass, paper, and tea Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Taxation without Representation' mean?

The lack of voice in government decisions regarding taxes Signup and view all the answers

What was the Boston Massacre?

An event where 5 civilians were killed by British soldiers Signup and view all the answers

What is propaganda?

A form of persuasion that shows one side of an issue Signup and view all the answers

What was the committee of correspondence?

Groups of colonists writing letters to coordinate resistance Signup and view all the answers

What was the Tea Act?

A tax placed on tea to assist the British East India Company Signup and view all the answers

What was the Boston Tea Party?

A protest by the Sons of Liberty against the Tea Act Signup and view all the answers

What were the Intolerable Acts?

Laws meant to punish Boston after the Tea Party Signup and view all the answers

Who was King George III?

The leader of Great Britain during the American Revolution Signup and view all the answers

What is an effigy?

A rag doll dressed to look like a tax collector Signup and view all the answers

What was the Continental Congress?

Group formed in 1774 to establish militias Signup and view all the answers

What was the Second Continental Congress?

A meeting of delegates in 1775 to form the Continental Army Signup and view all the answers

What was the Continental Army?

A professional army formed by the Second Continental Congress Signup and view all the answers

Who was George Washington?

The commander of the Continental Army Signup and view all the answers

What was the Olive Branch Petition?

The last attempt by colonists to prevent Revolution Signup and view all the answers

What is Common Sense?

A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine promoting revolution Signup and view all the answers

Who authored the Declaration of Independence?

Thomas Jefferson Signup and view all the answers

What did the Declaration of Independence officially declare?

The colonies were separate from Britain. Signup and view all the answers

What significant event occurred on July 4th, 1776?

The Declaration of Independence was adopted. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Key Events and Concepts

French & Indian War: A conflict from 1754 to 1763 between France and Great Britain over territorial claims in North America.
Militia: Civilian soldiers primarily composed of farmers during the 1700s, crucial for local defense.
Albany Plan of Union: Proposed in 1754, it emphasized collective colonial defense against French attacks, marking the first united approach among the colonies.
Treaty of Paris: Signed in 1763, this peace agreement formally ended the French & Indian War, redrawing territorial lines in North America.

British Policies and Colonial Responses

Proclamation of 1763: Issued post-war, it forbade colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains to reduce conflicts with Native Americans.
Pontiac's Rebellion: A Native American resistance (1763) led by a chief in Michigan, advocating for unity against European incursion.
Revenue: Refers to incoming money, which became a significant focus for British taxation policies post-war.
Taxation without Representation: A central grievance for colonists, highlighting their lack of representation in British legislative decisions.

Acts and Protests

Sons of Liberty: A group of male colonists who actively protested against British taxation, employing both nonviolent and violent methods.
Sugar Act (1764): Reduced taxes on molasses to deter smuggling, initiating discontent over taxation practices.
Stamp Act (1765): Imposed taxes on printed materials, inciting widespread anger that led to protests.
Boston Massacre (1770): An incident where British soldiers killed five civilians, portrayed as a massacre by colonial media to rally support against British rule.
Tea Act (1773): Taxed tea to support the British East India Company, leading to significant colonial boycotts.

Significant Events and Figures

Boston Tea Party: A direct action protest against the Tea Act where Sons of Liberty dumped tea into Boston Harbor, symbolizing resistance.
Intolerable Acts (1774): A series of punitive laws aimed at Boston, which included closing the harbor and enforcing a police state.
George Washington: Appointed as the commander of the Continental Army by the Second Continental Congress.
Thomas Jefferson: Authored the Declaration of Independence, denoting the formal separation of the colonies from Britain on July 4, 1776.

Organizations and Communicative Efforts

Continental Congress: Formed in 1774 to organize colonial resistance, establishing militias to defend colonial interests.
Second Continental Congress: Convened in 1775, it led to the formation of the Continental Army and drafted the Olive Branch Petition in a last attempt for reconciliation.
Propaganda: Utilized to influence public opinion and garner support for the colonial cause, often presenting one-sided narratives.
Committee of Correspondence: A network for sharing information and coordinating resistance strategies among the colonies, fostering unity.

Ideals and Literature

Common Sense: A pamphlet by Thomas Paine advocating for independence and encouraging revolution among the colonists.
Resolution: A formal expression of opinion or will, often used in the context of political actions and decisions during this era.

Resistance Acts

Boycott: A refusal to purchase British goods as a method of protest against taxation.
Repeal: The act of canceling a law or legislative act, a frequent demand among colonists during the protests against oppressive British policies.
Writs of Assistance: Legal documents allowing tax collectors to search private properties for smuggled goods, inciting fear and resentment among colonists.

Cultural Symbols

Effigy: A symbolic rag doll often used in protests to represent and decry figures such as tax collectors or British officials.

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Test your knowledge of Chapter 5: The Spirit of Independence with these flashcards. Explore key terms such as the French & Indian War, militia, and the Albany Plan of Union. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of early American history leading up to independence.